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Big Idea 2.D: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are influenced by changes in the environment

Homeostasis in a Changing Environment. Big Idea 2.D: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are influenced by changes in the environment. Essential Knowledge.

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Big Idea 2.D: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are influenced by changes in the environment

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  1. Homeostasis in a Changing Environment Big Idea 2.D: Growth and dynamic homeostasis are influenced by changes in the environment

  2. Essential Knowledge • 2D1: All biological systems from cells to organisms to populations, communities, and ecosystems are affected by complex biotic and abiotic interactions involving exchange of matter and free energy. • 2D2: Homeostatic mechanisms reflect both common ancestry and divergence due to adaptation in different environments. • 2D3: Biological systems are affected by disruptions to their dynamic homeostasis.

  3. Organisms Respond to External Environments What was this called???

  4. External Environment Made up of Biotic Things: Living

  5. External Environment And Abiotic Things: Not Living

  6. TPS: With your partner, make a list of 4 other biotic and 4 other abiotic factors that may affect organisms in an environment.

  7. Case Study: Biofilms • Bacterial cells attach to each other to form biofilms (a protective protein matrix cover) • Communal group for protection and shared nutrients • Grow with limited nutrients.

  8. Cells Interact with Biotic/Abiotic Factors

  9. Organisms Interact with Biotic/Abiotic Factors • Organisms access to nutrients is affected by other factors • i.e. symbiosis, predator-prey, nutrient availability etc

  10. Interactions Among Organisms • Symbiosis: relationship b/t 2 species • Mutualism (+,+) • Commensalism (+,0) • Parasitism (+,-)

  11. Mutualism • Both Species Benefit • Rhinos and oxpeckers

  12. Commensalism • One member is helped, the other neither benefits or is harmed • Cows and Cattle Egrets

  13. Parasitism • + and - relationship • parasite benefits, host loses • parasite usually smaller than host Leech Bite, Thailand Lamprey

  14. Ecosystems’ Stability is based upon interactions w/ biotic or abiotic factors

  15. Evolution of Homeostatic Mechanisms • Some mechanisms are conserved- showing common ancestry • Others have changed, demonstrating divergent evolution (due to changing envs)

  16. Case Study: Nitrogenous Waste Removal • All animals produce N byproducts • Animals in diff. envs. have evolved different mechanisms for excreting these wastes

  17. Ammonia, NH3 • Toxic byproduct of protein degradation • In dilute concentrations is no big deal, so aquatic orgs can excrete it into water

  18. Urea • Mammals convert NH3 into urea  travels through blood to kidneys and is excreted w/ water and other substances as urine

  19. Solid Uric Acid • In birds and reptiles (and some desert mammals) N waste is excreted as a solid • Prevents H2O loss and buildup of H2O waste in shell of an egg

  20. Evolution of Circulatory System Shows Common Ancestry and Divergence

  21. Evolution of Circulatory System Shows Common Ancestry and Divergence

  22. Disruptions at the Molecular/Cellular Level Affect Organisms Homeostasis • Exs: viral infection of a cell, allergies, or dehydration in Willis’s body ;)

  23. Disruptions to Ecosystems Affect Homeostasis • Exs: food chain disruptions, natural disasters, salination (adding salt)

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