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Modul – 4 Sistem Telepon

Modul – 4 Sistem Telepon. TE-09-1313 2 sks Tim Bidang Studi Telekomunikasi Multimedia ( Achmad Ansori , Devy Kuswidiastuti , Gatot Kusrahardjo , M Aries Purnomo ). Telephony : A form of telecommunication primarily intended for the exchange of information in the form of speech .

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Modul – 4 Sistem Telepon

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  1. Modul – 4Sistem Telepon TE-09-1313 2 sks Tim BidangStudi Telekomunikasi Multimedia (AchmadAnsori, DevyKuswidiastuti, GatotKusrahardjo, M Aries Purnomo) TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  2. Telephony : A form of telecommunication primarily intended for the exchange of information in the form of speech. NOTE – This is the definition given in the Constitution of the International Telecommunication Union (Geneva, 1992) (CS 1017) (RR No. S1.123). TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  3. Telecommunication Network TMN Operations system Operations system Operations system Data communications network Workstation Transmission system Transmission system Exchange Exchange Exchange TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  4. User (CTE) Access Exchange Transmission TMN TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  5. User (CTE) TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  6. Access : End-user connection(s) to core network. (wireline, wireless, optical fiber) NOTE 1 : Core networks include, for example, PSTN, ISDN, PLMN, PSDN, Internet, WAN/LAN, CATV, etc. NOTE 2 : The end-user may be a single user or a user accessing the services on behalf of multiple users. TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  7. Wireless access : End-user radio connection(s) to core networks. TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  8. Wireless access may be considered from many perspectives, for example: – Mobility capabilities of the terminal: fixed, nomadic (may be used in different places but the terminal must be stationary while in use), mobile, restricted mobility (e.g. within a single cell), etc. – Service support capabilities: narrow-band, broadband, multimedia, etc. – Type of telecommunication service: conversational, distribution, information retrieval. – Connectivity: (which would depend on the switched network that the terminal accesses, e.g. Internet, PSTN, etc.). – Radio transmission technology: access technique (TDMA, CDMA, etc.), modulation technique (analogue, digital, etc.), duplex technique (FDD, TDD, etc.), etc. – Delivery mechanism: terrestrial, satellite, etc. TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  9. PLMN : Public land mobile network ISDN : Integrated services digital network PSDN : Public switched data network PSTN : Public switched telephone network TDD : Time division duplex TDMA : Time division multiple access LAN : Local area network WAN : Wide area network CATV : Community antenna television CDMA : Code division multiple access FDD : Frequency duplex division FDMA : Frequency division multiple access BWA : Broadband wireless access FWA : Fixed wireless access MWA : Mobile wireless access MWS : Multimedia wireless system(s) NWA : Nomadic wireless access TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  10. user A user B TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  11. Hubungan Mesh • Masing station memerlukan line sebanyak n-1 untuk terhubung ke yang lainnya. • Total banyaknya Line N=(1/2)n(n-1), n>>1 N user TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  12. Hubungan Star • Jumlah line N=n, jauh dapat mereduksi lines pada Hub. Mesh • Mampu menghemat line cost S TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  13. TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  14. Switching The establishing, on demand, of an individual connection from a desired inlet to a desired outlet within a set of inlets and outlets for as long as is required for the transfer of information. exchange (switching exchange, switching centre) An aggregate of traffic carrying devices, switching stages, controlling and signalling means at a network node that enables subscriber lines and/or other telecommunication circuits to be interconnected as required by individual users. local exchange [local central office] An exchange in which subscribers’ lines terminate. TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  15. transit exchange [tandem exchange, tandem central office, tandem office] An exchange used primarily as a switching point for traffic between other exchanges. combined local/transit exchange An exchange in which subscribers’ lines terminate that also is used as a switching point for traffic between other exchanges. international exchange A transit exchange where international circuits and, in general, national circuits terminate. digital exchange An exchange that switches information in digital form through its switching devices. TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  16. Hubungan Tree • Hubungan ini utk jaringan yang besar • Rute yang langsung (direct route) disediakan utk trafik besar, sebagai “backbone” TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  17. Hubungan Bus dan Ring • Bus dan Ring digunakan untuk komunikasi data • Hubungan bus dan Ring sering digunakan untuk LAN Bus Ring TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  18. A network comprises a number of nodes (switching centres) interconnected by circuit groups (engineering routes). There may be several direct circuit groups between a pair of nodes and these may be unidirectional or bothway. TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  19. Objective of traffic routing : The objective of routing is to establish a successful connection between any two exchanges in the network. The function of traffic routing is the selection of a particular circuit group, for a given call attempt or traffic stream, at an exchange in the network. TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  20. Hierarchical Routing TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  21. Operation of the international telephone service The telephone service is operated : – automatically; – semi-automatically; – manually. It is strongly recommended that the service should be provided on a fully automatic basis, and it should be possible for users to reach one another by fully automatic selection. TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  22. Automatic operation : In automatic operation, the user dials or keys the called number and the call is established automatically without the assistance of an operator. To establish an international call in the automatic service, the user shall select : – the access code to the international network, which is fixed according to national requirements; – the telephone country code, in accordance with ITU T Rec E.164 – the national (significant) number, in accordance with ITU T Rec E.164 TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  23. TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  24. telephone circuit (international or trunk circuits) : 1. The whole of the facilities whereby a direct connection is made between two exchanges (manual or automatic) is called a telephone circuit. 2. A circuit is called an international circuit when it directly connects two international exchanges in two different countries. 3. The term trunk circuit is reserved for the designation of exclusively national circuits. Note : The above definitions relate solely to the use of the terms in operational procedures, no matter how the circuits are actually made up. TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  25. telecommunication network, telecommunication system (United States of America) : All the means of providing telecommunication services between a number of locations where equipment provides access to these services. (telecommunication) terminal : An equipment connected to a telecommunication network to provide access to one or more specific services. NOTE : The term may be qualified to indicate the type of service or user, e.g. “data terminal”, “subscriber’s terminal”. subscriber’s line, subscriber loop : A link between equipment in a subscriber's premises and the telecommunication centre providing the required services. TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  26. telephone call : The interconnection of two telephone stations. call request : The first application made by the caller for a telephone call is called the call request. In automatic service, the operation of the dial (or key-set) by the caller to obtain a call with his correspondent is comparable to the call request. Connection : A temporary association of transmission channels or telecommunication circuits, switching and other functional units set up to provide for the transfer of information between two or more points in a telecommunication network. TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  27. call attempt (by a user) : A single sequence of operations made by a user of a telecommunication network trying to obtain the desired user, terminal or service. Call : The establishment and use of a complete connection, following a call attempt. conversation (in telecommunication) : An exchange of information between terminals. The telephone service is a public telecommunication service primarily intended for the exchange of information in the form of speech, whereby users can communicate directly and temporarily between themselves in conversational mode. TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

  28. The development of digital switching, transmission and signalling techniques, and their introduction into the public switched telephone network (PSTN), and the evolution to the integrated services digital network (ISDN), provides scope for network based service features. The range of supplementary services will depend on the signalling capability in the network, and a number of other factors. – Calling Line Identification Presentation; – Calling Line Identification Restriction; – Call Transfer; – Closed User Group; – Conference Call; – Three-Party Service; – Call Forwarding (Busy, No Reply, Unconditional, Call Deflection); – Connected Line Identification Presentation; – Connected Line Identification Restriction. TE-09-1313-04-Telepon

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