Module 3 General Risk and Workplace Management

1. Key points Module 3 discusses the key duties for PCBUs, workers and �other persons� in the workplace in relation to general risk and workplace management that includes: General requirements for managing risk to health and safety in the workplace; Requirements for the maintenance and review of control measures; Provision of information, training and instruction; First aid; Emergency plans; Personal protective equipment (PPE); The general working environment including general workplace facilities and remote or isolated work; Atmospheres including airborne contaminants and hazardous atmospheres; Storage of flammable or combustible substances; and Falling objects. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Key points Module 3 discusses the key duties for PCBUs, workers and �other persons� in the workplace in relation to general risk and workplace management that includes: General requirements for managing risk to health and safety in the workplace; Requirements for the maintenance and review of control measures; Provision of information, training and instruction; First aid; Emergency plans; Personal protective equipment (PPE); The general working environment including general workplace facilities and remote or isolated work; Atmospheres including airborne contaminants and hazardous atmospheres; Storage of flammable or combustible substances; and Falling objects. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3

2. Key points Draft Codes of Practice that will be applicable to the requirements of this Chapter of the WHS Regulations include: How to manage health and safety risks Managing the work environment and facilities. Information contained in the Code of Practice How to manage health and safety risks relevant to this chapter includes: duty holders and their responsibilities; how to manage identified risks; consulting, co-operating and co-ordinating with other duty holders; when and how a risk assessment should be made; how to control a risk � the hierarchy of controls � Levels 1,2 and 3 control measures; how to review control measures as required in model WHS Regulations; and how to keep records of activities. Information contained in the Code of Practice: Managing the work environment and facilities includes: duties and responsibilities in relation to the work environment and facilities; determining the facilities required, maintaining them and reviewing risk control measures; specific information on entry and exit, housekeeping, work areas, floors and other surfaces, workstations, lighting (including recommended illuminance), air quality and thermal comfort. specific information on welfare facilities including personal, hygiene and dining facilities guidance on outdoor work, remote or isolated work, accommodation; and preparing emergency procedures. It is expected that a Code of Practice for First Aid requirements will be developed as the prescriptive requirements of current NSW OHS legislation are not included in the WHS legislation. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Code of Practice How to manage health and safety risks Code of Practice: Managing the work environment and facilitiesKey points Draft Codes of Practice that will be applicable to the requirements of this Chapter of the WHS Regulations include: How to manage health and safety risks Managing the work environment and facilities. Information contained in the Code of Practice How to manage health and safety risks relevant to this chapter includes: duty holders and their responsibilities; how to manage identified risks; consulting, co-operating and co-ordinating with other duty holders; when and how a risk assessment should be made; how to control a risk � the hierarchy of controls � Levels 1,2 and 3 control measures; how to review control measures as required in model WHS Regulations; and how to keep records of activities. Information contained in the Code of Practice: Managing the work environment and facilities includes: duties and responsibilities in relation to the work environment and facilities; determining the facilities required, maintaining them and reviewing risk control measures; specific information on entry and exit, housekeeping, work areas, floors and other surfaces, workstations, lighting (including recommended illuminance), air quality and thermal comfort. specific information on welfare facilities including personal, hygiene and dining facilities guidance on outdoor work, remote or isolated work, accommodation; and preparing emergency procedures. It is expected that a Code of Practice for First Aid requirements will be developed as the prescriptive requirements of current NSW OHS legislation are not included in the WHS legislation. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Code of Practice How to manage health and safety risks Code of Practice: Managing the work environment and facilities

3. Key points Persons with duties under the WHS legislation include designers, manufacturers, suppliers, contractors or other persons conducting a business or undertaking. These persons have a duty to manage risks to health and safety over the areas they control. Officers of the organisation also have a duty to understand the hazards and risks associated with the business or undertaking and to ensure that resources and processes are available to eliminate or minimise the risks to health and safety. The new WHS Regulations specify a duty to identify hazards, however do not specify when hazards are to be identified as does the current NSW OHS Regulations. The risk management process that exists under current NSW OHS Regulations has been streamlined under the new WHS Regulations so that a risk assessment may only be required in certain circumstances such as for high risk work activities, hazardous substances etc. Where a hazard has been identified, the duty holder is to focus on the outcome of either eliminating the hazard or minimising the risk as far as reasonably practicable. In certain circumstances, the WHS Regulations imposes special requirements to manage the risk for example, noise not being permitted to exceed the accepted exposure standards. In some chapters of the WHS Regulations, control measures are specified in a given order for implementation e.g. in regards to managing risk associated with falls. In some areas where a risk assessment is specifically prescribed, the WHS Regulations also stipulate the requirements for record keeping e.g. for confined spaces. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Part 3.1 Key points Persons with duties under the WHS legislation include designers, manufacturers, suppliers, contractors or other persons conducting a business or undertaking. These persons have a duty to manage risks to health and safety over the areas they control. Officers of the organisation also have a duty to understand the hazards and risks associated with the business or undertaking and to ensure that resources and processes are available to eliminate or minimise the risks to health and safety. The new WHS Regulations specify a duty to identify hazards, however do not specify when hazards are to be identified as does the current NSW OHS Regulations. The risk management process that exists under current NSW OHS Regulations has been streamlined under the new WHS Regulations so that a risk assessment may only be required in certain circumstances such as for high risk work activities, hazardous substances etc. Where a hazard has been identified, the duty holder is to focus on the outcome of either eliminating the hazard or minimising the risk as far as reasonably practicable. In certain circumstances, the WHS Regulations imposes special requirements to manage the risk for example, noise not being permitted to exceed the accepted exposure standards. In some chapters of the WHS Regulations, control measures are specified in a given order for implementation e.g. in regards to managing risk associated with falls. In some areas where a risk assessment is specifically prescribed, the WHS Regulations also stipulate the requirements for record keeping e.g. for confined spaces. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Part 3.1

4. Key points The risk management process remains similar to that currently required although slightly streamlined by focusing on the outcomes of the risk management process. The WHS Regulations indicates the requirements for the management of risks and the relevant Code of Practice provides further guidance including: hazard identification through consultation, inspections and review of available information, incident records and other data; elimination and minimisation through the hierarchy of controls (retained from current NSW OHS legislation); maintenance of controls so that they remain effective by being: fit for purpose, suitable for the nature and duration of work and installed, set-up and used correctly Review of controls is required at times in addition to those under current OHS legislation including when: the control measure does not control the risk (e.g. identified by monitoring or an incident occurring); before a change to the workplace occurs that is likely to give rise to a new or different risk; a new relevant hazard or risk is identified; the results of consultation indicate a review is required; and a Health and Safety Representative (HSR) requests a review. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Part 3.1 Key points The risk management process remains similar to that currently required although slightly streamlined by focusing on the outcomes of the risk management process. The WHS Regulations indicates the requirements for the management of risks and the relevant Code of Practice provides further guidance including: hazard identification through consultation, inspections and review of available information, incident records and other data; elimination and minimisation through the hierarchy of controls (retained from current NSW OHS legislation); maintenance of controls so that they remain effective by being: fit for purpose, suitable for the nature and duration of work and installed, set-up and used correctly Review of controls is required at times in addition to those under current OHS legislation including when: the control measure does not control the risk (e.g. identified by monitoring or an incident occurring); before a change to the workplace occurs that is likely to give rise to a new or different risk; a new relevant hazard or risk is identified; the results of consultation indicate a review is required; and a Health and Safety Representative (HSR) requests a review. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Part 3.1

5. Key points Controls are identified as levels 1, 2 and 3 in the Code of Practice. Level 1 is the highest form of control (elimination); Level 2 requires control through substitution, isolation or engineering controls (in that order). Level 3 controls are to be used where risk remains - administration can be used and then if risk still remains, the duty holder can provide suitable PPE . They must ensure it is used. The selection from the hierarchy of controls is based on what is considered to be reasonably practicable i.e. what is or was, reasonably able to be done, taking into account and weighing up all relevant matters including: (a) the likelihood of the hazard or the risk occurring; and (b) the degree of harm that might result from the hazard or the risk; and (c) what the person concerned knows, or ought reasonably to know, about: (i) the hazard or the risk; and (ii) ways of eliminating or minimising the risk; and (d) the availability and suitability of ways to eliminate or minimise the risk; and (e) after assessing the extent of the risk and means of eliminating or minimising the risk, the cost to do so, including whether the cost is grossly disproportionate to the risk. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Act s18 WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Part 3.1 Key points Controls are identified as levels 1, 2 and 3 in the Code of Practice. Level 1 is the highest form of control (elimination); Level 2 requires control through substitution, isolation or engineering controls (in that order). Level 3 controls are to be used where risk remains - administration can be used and then if risk still remains, the duty holder can provide suitable PPE . They must ensure it is used. The selection from the hierarchy of controls is based on what is considered to be reasonably practicable i.e. what is or was, reasonably able to be done, taking into account and weighing up all relevant matters including: (a) the likelihood of the hazard or the risk occurring; and (b) the degree of harm that might result from the hazard or the risk; and (c) what the person concerned knows, or ought reasonably to know, about: (i) the hazard or the risk; and (ii) ways of eliminating or minimising the risk; and (d) the availability and suitability of ways to eliminate or minimise the risk; and (e) after assessing the extent of the risk and means of eliminating or minimising the risk, the cost to do so, including whether the cost is grossly disproportionate to the risk. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Act s18 WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Part 3.1

6. Key points: There are various times when a duty holder is required to review control measures to ensure that the work environment remains without risks to health and safety. A key new requirement is that elected HSRs can request a review when the duty holder has not sufficiently addressed an issue that requires review under the WHS Regulations. Other times when a review is required may be stipulated in the WHS Regulations and will be identified in the course. The WHS Regulations now requires a review where there is a change in any aspect of the work environment in addition to the current requirements to review with a change to the workplace, system of work, a process or a procedure. The right of the HSR to request a review (being new to the WHS legislation) applies when a change or failure of a control has the potential to impact on a member of the HSR�s workgroup. Background references www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Part 3.1Key points: There are various times when a duty holder is required to review control measures to ensure that the work environment remains without risks to health and safety. A key new requirement is that elected HSRs can request a review when the duty holder has not sufficiently addressed an issue that requires review under the WHS Regulations. Other times when a review is required may be stipulated in the WHS Regulations and will be identified in the course. The WHS Regulations now requires a review where there is a change in any aspect of the work environment in addition to the current requirements to review with a change to the workplace, system of work, a process or a procedure. The right of the HSR to request a review (being new to the WHS legislation) applies when a change or failure of a control has the potential to impact on a member of the HSR�s workgroup. Background references www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Part 3.1

7. Module 3- Activity 1 - The participants are to work in small groups to complete the activity. The groups will come together to discuss their answers with the facilitator. Activity The facilitator is to divide the participants into small groups. The group is to discuss the contents of the Module 3 Activity 1. The group can select a spokesperson to respond to the whole group discussion. The facilitator will have the whole group discuss their answers. The facilitator is to go through the selection and clarify any issues. The facilitator may wish to add in scenarios that relate particularly to the group they are training. Activity The facilitator is to divide the participants into small groups. The group is to discuss the contents of the Module 3 Activity 1. The group can select a spokesperson to respond to the whole group discussion. The facilitator will have the whole group discuss their answers. The facilitator is to go through the selection and clarify any issues. The facilitator may wish to add in scenarios that relate particularly to the group they are training.

8. General workplace management The WHS Regulations requirements are either, in relation to current requirements: Similar with some additional requirements e.g. Training, information and instruction Workplace facilities (previously referred to as amenities) Falling objects Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Storage of flammables and combustibles Emergency Plans Less prescriptive e.g. First Aid, airborne contaminants and hazardous atmospheres (additional information is provided in supporting Codes of Practice and other information) or Additional e.g. Remote or isolated work Key points The new WHS Regulations have very similar requirements for workplace management to those that exist under current NSW OHS legislation. These changes are identified in the following slides. Some aspects of general workplace management have additional requirements, for example, in relation to emergency management that now requires that every workplace have an emergency plan and that procedures are tested. Some aspects such as first aid are less prescriptive with the detail expected to be contained in a new Code of Practice. While new national codes of practice are being developed, the current Codes of Practice remain applicable as per the transitional provision in the WHS Act. Background references www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Part 3.2 Key points The new WHS Regulations have very similar requirements for workplace management to those that exist under current NSW OHS legislation. These changes are identified in the following slides. Some aspects of general workplace management have additional requirements, for example, in relation to emergency management that now requires that every workplace have an emergency plan and that procedures are tested. Some aspects such as first aid are less prescriptive with the detail expected to be contained in a new Code of Practice. While new national codes of practice are being developed, the current Codes of Practice remain applicable as per the transitional provision in the WHS Act. Background references www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Part 3.2

9. Training, information, instruction and supervision Training, information and instruction provided by the PCBU to workers is to be: suitable, adequate; and readily understandable; having regard to: the nature of the work carried out by the worker; the nature of the risks associated with the work; and implemented control measures. Specific supervision requirements are included e.g.: direct supervision for high risk work; and where hazardous substances exist in the workplace. Key points The WHS Act requires that a PCBU must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the provision of any information, training, instruction or supervision that is necessary to protect all persons from risks to their health and safety arising from work carried out as part of the conduct of the business or undertaking. With these new more generalised requirements, the WHS Regulations removes specific requirements for: training of new employees; and providing the information required by persons with risk management responsibilities to fulfil these (now covered in general duties of PCBUs). The WHS Regulations specify particular aspects where supervision is required e.g. the provision of direct supervision for high risk work. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations: Chapter 3 Part 3.2Key points The WHS Act requires that a PCBU must ensure, so far as is reasonably practicable, the provision of any information, training, instruction or supervision that is necessary to protect all persons from risks to their health and safety arising from work carried out as part of the conduct of the business or undertaking. With these new more generalised requirements, the WHS Regulations removes specific requirements for: training of new employees; and providing the information required by persons with risk management responsibilities to fulfil these (now covered in general duties of PCBUs). The WHS Regulations specify particular aspects where supervision is required e.g. the provision of direct supervision for high risk work. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations: Chapter 3 Part 3.2

10. General workplace management Changes in relation to the duties and requirements include: General workplace facilities Requirements apply to both normal and emergency conditions; and Specific mention of glare and reflection is removed. First Aid First aid kit type and content; and Requirements for first aid facilities will be covered under a Code of Practice. Emergency Provisions Emergency provisions require the PCBU to ensure preparation and maintenance of an Emergency Plan specific to the workplace (see slide 12). Key points A checklist for work environments and facilities is included in the Code of Practice: Managing the Work Environment and Facilities as well as examples of types of facilities that may be provided for different workplaces such as outdoor work and office work. The Code of Practice describes matters that should be considered when determining facilities such as: the type of work being done, whether a temporary or permanent workplace; the hazards workers may be exposed to e.g. infectious disease in their work activities; if workers will be required to change clothes or need to shower; how the work is conducted e.g. standing or seated � may influence the type of flooring (fatigue reducing) or the seating used; the level of activity � may influence heating and cooling required, ventilation etc.; and is the work done in shifts � this may influence matters such as when cleaners can access the area or if dining facilities are required. Management of the work environment needs to address: safe entry and exit; housekeeping issues including workspace removal of waste; work areas � space required and access to and exit from the space, use of equipment; flooring and other surface requirements � if wheeled equipment is to be used, how work is conducted, cleaning and maintenance requirements, impact of work activities e.g. spills, heat; workstations � type of seating to consider, design of work stations; lighting � describes type of task e.g. doing difficult tasks and the illumination required (reference to Australian Standards); and air quality and thermal comfort including ventilation, air movement and sources of heat/cooling (references to Australian Standards e.g. cooling towers). The Code of Practice describes provision of facilities applicable to different workplaces e.g. static, temporary or remote (see Fact Sheet 3: General Workplace Management for additional information on the remote and isolated work). Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations: Chapter 3 Part 3.2 Code of Practice: Managing the Work Environment and Facilities Key points A checklist for work environments and facilities is included in the Code of Practice: Managing the Work Environment and Facilities as well as examples of types of facilities that may be provided for different workplaces such as outdoor work and office work. The Code of Practice describes matters that should be considered when determining facilities such as: the type of work being done, whether a temporary or permanent workplace; the hazards workers may be exposed to e.g. infectious disease in their work activities; if workers will be required to change clothes or need to shower; how the work is conducted e.g. standing or seated � may influence the type of flooring (fatigue reducing) or the seating used; the level of activity � may influence heating and cooling required, ventilation etc.; and is the work done in shifts � this may influence matters such as when cleaners can access the area or if dining facilities are required. Management of the work environment needs to address: safe entry and exit; housekeeping issues including workspace removal of waste; work areas � space required and access to and exit from the space, use of equipment; flooring and other surface requirements � if wheeled equipment is to be used, how work is conducted, cleaning and maintenance requirements, impact of work activities e.g. spills, heat; workstations � type of seating to consider, design of work stations; lighting � describes type of task e.g. doing difficult tasks and the illumination required (reference to Australian Standards); and air quality and thermal comfort including ventilation, air movement and sources of heat/cooling (references to Australian Standards e.g. cooling towers). The Code of Practice describes provision of facilities applicable to different workplaces e.g. static, temporary or remote (see Fact Sheet 3: General Workplace Management for additional information on the remote and isolated work). Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations: Chapter 3 Part 3.2 Code of Practice: Managing the Work Environment and Facilities

11. Key points: The new WHS Regulations provide only general guidance on the requirements for First Aid in the workplace, whereas the current NSW OHS Regulation 2001 is prescriptive on certain matters e.g. type and contents of first aid kits. It is expected that a Code of Practice will be developed to provide further guidance. The WHS Regulations require that, when determining first aid requirements in the workplace, the nature of the work activities and hazards that may occur in the workplace are considered. The PCBU also needs to consider the size of the workplace (e.g. operating over many levels or a large area such as a school), the location of workers (e.g. working away from the workplace with limited access to facilities), the numbers of workers and others (e.g. visitors who enter a shopping centre, hospital) and the composition of people at the workplace (e.g. people with special needs). Based on these considerations, the PCBU will then need to determine: first aid equipment required; access to the equipment e.g. in remote areas of a building, different floors; procedures pertaining to administration of first aid e.g. stocking of first aid kits, communication, display of first aid information; and the number of persons that are trained in first aid (the PCBU needs to consider location of other facilities e.g. access to medical services or personnel and/or access to local emergency services). Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations: Chapter 3 Part 3.2 Code of Practice: Managing the Work Environment and Facilities How to manage health and safety risks Key points: The new WHS Regulations provide only general guidance on the requirements for First Aid in the workplace, whereas the current NSW OHS Regulation 2001 is prescriptive on certain matters e.g. type and contents of first aid kits. It is expected that a Code of Practice will be developed to provide further guidance. The WHS Regulations require that, when determining first aid requirements in the workplace, the nature of the work activities and hazards that may occur in the workplace are considered. The PCBU also needs to consider the size of the workplace (e.g. operating over many levels or a large area such as a school), the location of workers (e.g. working away from the workplace with limited access to facilities), the numbers of workers and others (e.g. visitors who enter a shopping centre, hospital) and the composition of people at the workplace (e.g. people with special needs). Based on these considerations, the PCBU will then need to determine: first aid equipment required; access to the equipment e.g. in remote areas of a building, different floors; procedures pertaining to administration of first aid e.g. stocking of first aid kits, communication, display of first aid information; and the number of persons that are trained in first aid (the PCBU needs to consider location of other facilities e.g. access to medical services or personnel and/or access to local emergency services). Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations: Chapter 3 Part 3.2 Code of Practice: Managing the Work Environment and Facilities How to manage health and safety risks

12. Key points: Emergency plans are required to have been specifically developed for the particular workplace taking into account the nature of the workplace and particular hazards that may exist. The plans need to address a range of potential incidents. The emergency plan should also consider external factors that may influence an incident e.g. neighbouring workplaces, access to emergency services. Emergency plans are required to address five separate procedures (see flowchart). The emergency plan must include provisions for the testing of the emergency procedures (including how often this is required to occur) An emergency plan needs to be maintained so that it remains effective � including review when things change that may significantly impact on the plan e.g. work activities, structure of the workforce. The development of an emergency plan for a workplace with a number of businesses needs to be co-ordinated by the person with control of the workplace e.g. landlord, principal contractor or property owner. If a business/activity has an overarching emergency plan, such as a commercial building, the PCBU should consult with their workers and the HSRs about emergencies pertaining to activities of the workers, review the emergency plan and if necessary revise the emergency plan with the person responsible for preparing it. For a workplaces with potential for serious hazards in an emergency, the emergency plan should be developed in consultation with local emergency authorities. More comprehensive plans may be required to address high risk situations. Australian Standards are referred to in the Code of Practice for additional guidance and information. A PCBU has a duty to provide information, training and instruction in the implementation of emergency plans. Background references www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Part 3.2 Key points: Emergency plans are required to have been specifically developed for the particular workplace taking into account the nature of the workplace and particular hazards that may exist. The plans need to address a range of potential incidents. The emergency plan should also consider external factors that may influence an incident e.g. neighbouring workplaces, access to emergency services. Emergency plans are required to address five separate procedures (see flowchart). The emergency plan must include provisions for the testing of the emergency procedures (including how often this is required to occur) An emergency plan needs to be maintained so that it remains effective � including review when things change that may significantly impact on the plan e.g. work activities, structure of the workforce. The development of an emergency plan for a workplace with a number of businesses needs to be co-ordinated by the person with control of the workplace e.g. landlord, principal contractor or property owner. If a business/activity has an overarching emergency plan, such as a commercial building, the PCBU should consult with their workers and the HSRs about emergencies pertaining to activities of the workers, review the emergency plan and if necessary revise the emergency plan with the person responsible for preparing it. For a workplaces with potential for serious hazards in an emergency, the emergency plan should be developed in consultation with local emergency authorities. More comprehensive plans may be required to address high risk situations. Australian Standards are referred to in the Code of Practice for additional guidance and information. A PCBU has a duty to provide information, training and instruction in the implementation of emergency plans. Background references www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Part 3.2

13. General workplace management Changes in relation to duties and requirements include: REMOTE AND ISOLATED WORKERS A PCBU is required to ensure risks to health and safety of isolated or remote workers are eliminated or minimised with adequate controls, including communication (see Fact Sheet 3 for additional information) PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT Duties of PCBUs, workers and other person in relation to PPE The PCBU who directs the work is required to: provide PPE to workers (unless provided by another PCBU) that is a suitable size and fit, and is reasonably comfortable; and ensure the PPE is suitable to control risks associated with the work and is used or worn (includes �other persons� using PPE). Key points Remote or isolated work, in relation to a worker, means work that is isolated from the assistance of other persons because of location, time or the nature of the work. Assistance includes rescue, medical assistance and the attendance of emergency service workers. Remote or isolated work can be carried out in a high rise building in the middle of the city � remote or isolated work is considered as any location where a person cannot get immediate assistance from others if required e.g.in an emergency. Examples include workers such as sales reps, transport workers, trades people, person carrying out field or diving work, health and community workers or attendants in service stations or other workplaces with only one person present, particularly at night. The WHS Regulations have additional provisions to address the risk associated with remote or isolated working including requirements for communication. Controlling risks may include: buddy systems; communication systems and procedures; personal security systems and duress systems; training information and instruction; and changes in work practices e.g. no lone workers. See Fact Sheet 3: General Workplace Management for additional information Personal Protective Equipment (PPE ) is included in the hierarchy of controls as the final measure to be used where it able to further minimise any remaining risk . Various parties have duties in relation to PPE. Facilitator is to highlight that the PCBU who directs the carrying out of the work is also responsible for ensuring that users of PPE (workers and others) do so according to the information, training and instruction they are required to have received. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations: Chapter 3 Part 3.2 Code of Practice: Managing the Work Environment and Facilities Key points Remote or isolated work, in relation to a worker, means work that is isolated from the assistance of other persons because of location, time or the nature of the work. Assistance includes rescue, medical assistance and the attendance of emergency service workers. Remote or isolated work can be carried out in a high rise building in the middle of the city � remote or isolated work is considered as any location where a person cannot get immediate assistance from others if required e.g.in an emergency. Examples include workers such as sales reps, transport workers, trades people, person carrying out field or diving work, health and community workers or attendants in service stations or other workplaces with only one person present, particularly at night. The WHS Regulations have additional provisions to address the risk associated with remote or isolated working including requirements for communication. Controlling risks may include: buddy systems; communication systems and procedures; personal security systems and duress systems; training information and instruction; and changes in work practices e.g. no lone workers. See Fact Sheet 3: General Workplace Management for additional information Personal Protective Equipment (PPE ) is included in the hierarchy of controls as the final measure to be used where it able to further minimise any remaining risk . Various parties have duties in relation to PPE. Facilitator is to highlight that the PCBU who directs the carrying out of the work is also responsible for ensuring that users of PPE (workers and others) do so according to the information, training and instruction they are required to have received. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations: Chapter 3 Part 3.2 Code of Practice: Managing the Work Environment and Facilities

14. Key points Where workers provide their own PPE, the PCBU has an obligation to ensure that the PPE is used. Discuss with participants how it could be considered that users did not comply with training, and information they have received in the use of PPE (e.g. not replacing air filters as required, failing to use eye protection when required or failing to fit hearing protection correctly). Discuss how PPE could be intentionally misused or damaged e.g. altering PPE. Workers are required to notify the PCBU when any damage occurs, a defect is noticed or the equipment requires cleaning or sterilising. This requires that workers have adequate information on the requirements and standards for PPE, that visual inspections and regular checks are made (knowing what to check and what to look for) and reporting procedures are in place. Other persons in the workplace may be required to wear PPE (e.g. visitors to the workplace) and must do so according to information or training provided by the PCBU e.g. as part of a site induction provided by the PCBU or as a condition of entry. Australian Standards provide guidance on the selection, use, care and maintenance of PPE and, while they are not specifically referenced in the model WHS legislation, could be used to assist with compliance. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3: Part 3.2 Key points Where workers provide their own PPE, the PCBU has an obligation to ensure that the PPE is used. Discuss with participants how it could be considered that users did not comply with training, and information they have received in the use of PPE (e.g. not replacing air filters as required, failing to use eye protection when required or failing to fit hearing protection correctly). Discuss how PPE could be intentionally misused or damaged e.g. altering PPE. Workers are required to notify the PCBU when any damage occurs, a defect is noticed or the equipment requires cleaning or sterilising. This requires that workers have adequate information on the requirements and standards for PPE, that visual inspections and regular checks are made (knowing what to check and what to look for) and reporting procedures are in place. Other persons in the workplace may be required to wear PPE (e.g. visitors to the workplace) and must do so according to information or training provided by the PCBU e.g. as part of a site induction provided by the PCBU or as a condition of entry. Australian Standards provide guidance on the selection, use, care and maintenance of PPE and, while they are not specifically referenced in the model WHS legislation, could be used to assist with compliance. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3: Part 3.2

15. General workplace management Key points Requirements for airborne contaminants under the new WHS Regulations, rather than identifying specific substances, refer to exposure to a substance or mixture that exceeds the exposure standard for that substance or mixture. Monitoring is to occur where there is any reasonable concern that a substances or mixture exceeds exposure standards or poses a risk to health. Records of air monitoring are to be kept for 30 years after the record is made and are to be made readily available to persons at the workplace who may be exposed to the substance. Hazardous atmospheres may result from the accumulation of flammable or combustible substances in the form of gases, vapours, mists or fumes as a percentage of the atmosphere or by reducing available oxygen below certain levels. A hazardous area may also be created by combustible dust present in a certain quantity or form. The requirement to minimise quantities of flammable or combustible substances in storage at the workplace includes waste liquids in containers or gas cylinders that are empty or full. Falling objects can include equipment, material, tools and debris that can fall or be released sideways or upwards including (see Code of Practice for additional information): roof scaffolding, tools, rock and soil, bricks or equipment that may fall; loads being lifted which are not well secured or are unstable; material, such as timber, or shelves which are over-stacked; fixtures such as pictures, panels and white boards not securely fixed to walls or ceilings; shelves, benches and mezzanine floors not strong enough for the weight of stored items; objects which are heavy or frequently used, stored above shoulder height. Discuss with participants the risk from falling objects in their workplace and control measures. Risks associated with falling objects are to be minimised by using the following (based on the hierarchy of controls): provision of secure barriers to prevent objects falling; provision of a safe means of raising and lowering plant, materials and waste; administrative controls e.g. exclusion zones prohibiting entry Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Part 3.2 Code of Practice: How to Prevent Falls at Workplaces Key points Requirements for airborne contaminants under the new WHS Regulations, rather than identifying specific substances, refer to exposure to a substance or mixture that exceeds the exposure standard for that substance or mixture. Monitoring is to occur where there is any reasonable concern that a substances or mixture exceeds exposure standards or poses a risk to health. Records of air monitoring are to be kept for 30 years after the record is made and are to be made readily available to persons at the workplace who may be exposed to the substance. Hazardous atmospheres may result from the accumulation of flammable or combustible substances in the form of gases, vapours, mists or fumes as a percentage of the atmosphere or by reducing available oxygen below certain levels. A hazardous area may also be created by combustible dust present in a certain quantity or form. The requirement to minimise quantities of flammable or combustible substances in storage at the workplace includes waste liquids in containers or gas cylinders that are empty or full. Falling objects can include equipment, material, tools and debris that can fall or be released sideways or upwards including (see Code of Practice for additional information): roof scaffolding, tools, rock and soil, bricks or equipment that may fall; loads being lifted which are not well secured or are unstable; material, such as timber, or shelves which are over-stacked; fixtures such as pictures, panels and white boards not securely fixed to walls or ceilings; shelves, benches and mezzanine floors not strong enough for the weight of stored items; objects which are heavy or frequently used, stored above shoulder height. Discuss with participants the risk from falling objects in their workplace and control measures. Risks associated with falling objects are to be minimised by using the following (based on the hierarchy of controls): provision of secure barriers to prevent objects falling; provision of a safe means of raising and lowering plant, materials and waste; administrative controls e.g. exclusion zones prohibiting entry Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Part 3.2 Code of Practice: How to Prevent Falls at Workplaces

16. Module 3Activity 2 These activities will be conducted as a group activity. The group will discuss their answers with the facilitator and others in the group. Activity The facilitator will lead the whole groups through the activities. The facilitator is to go through the selection and clarify any issues. The facilitator may wish to add in scenarios that relate particularly to the group they are training. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Part 3.2Activity The facilitator will lead the whole groups through the activities. The facilitator is to go through the selection and clarify any issues. The facilitator may wish to add in scenarios that relate particularly to the group they are training. Background References www.safeworkaustralia.gov.au www.workcover.nsw.gov.au WHS Regulations Chapter 3 Part 3.2