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An Integrated Suite of Human - Centered Aircraft Flight Instruments. An Integrated Suite of Human - Centered Aircraft Flight Instruments. Leonard A. Temme, Ph.D. Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory David L. Still, O.D., Ph.D. John Kolen, Ph.D.
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An Integrated Suite ofHuman - Centered Aircraft Flight Instruments
An Integrated Suite ofHuman - Centered Aircraft Flight Instruments Leonard A. Temme, Ph.D. Naval Aerospace Medical Research Laboratory David L. Still, O.D., Ph.D. John Kolen, Ph.D. Institute for Human and Machine Cognition LCDR Michael Acromite, MC USN Training Air Wing SIX
THE “DEEP” QUESTION Why does instrument flying require more training, experience, and currency than flying with external visual references?
THE “DEEP” QUESTION Why does instrument flying require more training, experience, and currency than flying with external visual references? • The same aircraft • The same controls • The same pilot • The only difference is the information display
Conventional Cockpit Instruments Scan the instruments Instruments with different units Time to understand Memorize aircraft parameters Each aircraft complex
OZ GOAL Make instrument flight at least as easy, if not easier, than visual flight • OZ is a novel aircraft instrument display • A complete suite aircraft instruments
OZ Wish List Keep Up with the airplane • Reduce/eliminate Scan Decrease Pilot Workload • No Memorization V speeds, Power Settings • Instantaneously Understandable Resistant to visual degradation • Loosing glasses • Loosing central vision - Laser hit
OZ Wish List Add Capability • Picture-in-Picture • Consolidated Frame of Reference • Voiceless Link • Adaptation to change/emergency Facilitate learning flight dynamics and conventional instruments Decrease Spatial Disorientation / Inner Ear
OZ Wish List Work with all aircraft types • Jet • Prop • Helo • Tilt rotor • RPV • Engineless gilder, single engine, multi-engine, etc. Total integration with • Avionics, weather, obstructions, air traffic
Altitude Error with Light Turbulence (Medical Student – Easier to learn, Easier to Fly)
Heading Error with Light Turbulence (Medical Student – Easier to learn, Easier to Fly)
Altitude Error for Two Levels of Experience (Medical Student – Easier to learn, Easier to Fly)
Heading Error for Two Levels of Experience (Medical Student – Easier to learn, Easier to Fly)
Heading Error Masking Experiment - “Jedi” Medical Students
The Experts! Military Instructor Pilots Training Wing 6 Pilot Volunteers
Heading Air Speed Altitude Standard Deviation Standard Deviation Standard Deviation CD OZ CD OZ Pilot CD OZ 1.92 1.04 0.48 0.39 1 3.98 2.38 2.05 0.57 0.48 0.85 2 5.99 1.44 1.70 0.58 0.79 0.66 3 4.97 1.27 2.27 0.55 1.14 1.17 4 7.11 2.15 1.97 0.41 0.47 0.52 5 2.35 1.97 3.52 1.26 0.65 1.13 6 5.19 2.23 2.69 0.59 0.67 1.09 7 4.70 3.57 2.43 0.95 1.64 0.74 8 9.02 2.96 2.13 1.07 1.12 0.80 9 10.35 5.32 1.98 0.82 1.20 0.44 10 10.12 2.21 2.21 1.18 0.58 0.55 11 5.09 2.50 1.22 0.44 0.54 0.57 12 3.22 1.98 1.79 0.35 0.50 0.69 13 3.26 1.21 1.76 0.55 0.46 0.44 14 5.38 1.08 3.38 0.49 0.74 0.78 15 4.07 1.47 3.67 1.55 1.60 1.69 16 6.78 2.68 2.77 1.14 1.11 1.21 17 4.59 1.57 2.52 1.39 0.67 0.86 18 4.80 1.48 2.33 0.83 0.82 0.81 Mean 5.61 2.19 0.66 0.37 0.38 0.34 SD 2.28 1.02 2-sided matched-pair t-test probability 1.75E-09 0.863594 6.56E-07 significant significant not significant
So What Does OZ Look Like& Why Does It Look That Way? OZ is based on Vision Science Cognitive Science Computer Science-Human Centered Computing Aerodynamics OZ Components Star Field Metaphor Air Craft Metaphor
Starfield Metaphor Aircraft Location & Orientation • Mathematically rigorous map • Visually Compelling • Allows direct mapping of real objects • Runways / Targets • Other Aircraft • Weather • Photo-realistic High Resolution Inserts • Also Shows: Time, Heading, Altitude, Pitch, Bank, and Translation
Aircraft Metaphor Dynamically changes to reflect current aircraft configuration, speed, engine output, and thrust requirements. • Drag Curve • Design Points (Vs, Vx, Vy, & Vne) • Propulsion • Airspeed • Vertical Speed • Standard Rate Turn
An Integrated Suite ofHuman - Centered Aircraft Flight Instruments