INTRODUCTION

1. TURBINE FARM ARRANGEMENT MOTIVATION INTRODUCTION OBJECTIVES CONSUMER ENERGY USE Wind vs. Water Power Production RESULTS CONCLUSIONS REFERENCES Mentor: Dr. Karman Ghia Joe Tscherne & Jarred Wilhite Analysis of Hydrokinetic Turbines ρ = Density (Air – 1.225 ; Water – 1027 ) A = π*r2 = Swept Area (m2) v = Velocity (m/s) Cp= Power Coefficient Turbine Power Equation: Power = .5*ρ*A*v3*Cp Investigation into low-cost renewable energy is a global effort right now Kinetic energy from currents in the oceans and rivers is very high Supply of this energy is virtually limitless Proper placement of turbines in areas of predictable, rapid tidal flow produces significant power generation Have potential for minimizing both visual and noise "pollution” Turbine Arrangement in Slanted Line Configuration 1 • Turbine Farm – group of turbines in the same location used to produce electric power. • Configuration can be viewed as a small segment of large arced layout, with each turbine rotors spinning at 1.5 rad/s • The arced layout will create a situation in which two of the three turbines can take energy from an overall faster stream than the inflow • Layout prohibits any turbine from working under the low-momentum and turbulent wakes, which come from the turbines in the preceding rows in the turbine farm • To increase our knowledge and understanding of the engineering technology related to turbines. • To educate ourselves on the current practices and future of hydrokinetic turbines currently being used in different parts of the world. • To Instill the importance of this technology upon others • To promote future research into the field of hydrokinetic turbines. • To familiarize ourselves with aerodynamic concepts that are involved with the operation of hydrokinetic turbines. OPERATIONAL FACILITIES • Turbine - rotary mechanical device which takes energy from fluid flow and converts it into electricity or other useful power. • Wind turbine is powered by air and uses the wind to rotate. It converts the kinetic energy from the wind into mechanical energy. • Hydrokinetic turbine uses natural currents in the ocean and rivers in order to rotate, and extracts kinetic energy from the currents and converts it into electricity. • A hydrokinetic turbine is also known as a current turbine, wave turbine, and tidal turbine. TYPES OF TURBINES • Horizontal • Needs alignment with wind, uses yaw system • High elevation = greater wind speed • Vertical • Always aligned with the wind • Can’t start on its own, needs “boost” • Design makes it lower to ground • Slower wind, Easy for maintenance • Hydrokinetic turbines will aid in production of the energy supplied by natural currents in our oceans, and can provide much greater electrical production due to the increased density of water, compared to air • In a farm type arrangement, it can provide a quality energy source for smaller towns and cities • This is similar to the way wind turbine farms are viewed now in the energy grid. • Hydrokinetic turbines show great promise to be part of the move towards cleaner, sustainable, green energy for the future • Though this form will not be completely relied upon for energy production in the near future, they will help curb the burning of fossil fuels and contribute to the small portion to the larger effort • Typical energy use of American household ranges from 17kWh/day (Maine) to 43kWh/day (Tennessee) • Average of 30kWh/day for the average household • Previously studied wind turbine provides 1.2mW, enough to power about 40 homes, or if put in a farm formation (x50) could theoretically provide 2000 homes with power (all turbines operating at max capacity) • Previously studied water powered turbine produced 1.12mW, with 5m blades, compared to the 1.2mW wind turbine • If blades doubled, from 5 to 10m, this energy output jumps to 4.5mW. • This is enough to power 7500 homes in a farm configuration (x50), again theoretically with all turbines operating at maximum output. 1Li, Z. “Advanced Computational Modeling for Marine Tidal Turbines.” University of CIncinnati. 2012. 2“Hydrokinetic Energy and Its Uses.” Tribal Energy and Environmental Information Clearinghouse. 3 Mar. 2013. http://teeic.anl.gov/er/hydrokinetic/restech/uses/index.cfm 3“Pros and Cons of Tidal Energy Use, Hydro Energy from the Moon.” Energy Consumers Edge. Aug. 2007. Web. 5 Mar. 2013. http://www.energy-consumers-edge.com/tidal_energy_use.html