Early Europe and its great accomplishments

1. Alex Meredith, Shawnee Flores, Ksanthi Lapa, and Zach Mullin Early Europe and its great accomplishments

2. Germanic Tribes

3. The Germanic tribes were an Indo-European group that originated in Scandinavia. Germanic tribes invaded places like Gaul, Italy, and Hispania. The Germanic tribes are most known for being a big reason why the Roman Empire fell. Prior to the Roman Army arriving there were no written records in their history. Who were THE Germanic Tribes?

4. Right when the Roman Empirearrived the people of Germania would fight with the Roman soldiers. In the fifth century the Roman Empire had begun to loose its strength, and the Germanic people migrated, in many different locations. Germania was the main reason why the Roman Empire fell. They invaded because they wanted to defend territory that Rome could not control. Six tribes contributed to the fall of the Roman Empire, the Visigoths, Ostogoths, Vandals, Burgundians, Lombards, and the Franks. Germanic tribe relation to The fall of rome

5. After they defeated the Roman Empire they converted it into Medieval Europe Later they defended this area from the Huns, Muslims, Magyars, and Ottomans After the invasion

6. Invaded and successfully contributed tothe fall of the Roman Empire Created “Frameas” which is the spear Excelled in war due to the influence of the Roman Empire Transformed the Roman Empire into Medieval Europe and protected it from invaders. Accomplishments

7. Europe 5th -6th Century800-1300 England

8. Some believe King Arthur may have been a legend or he might actually have been a real person. King Arthur was the son of Uther and Igraine. He was given to Ector and was raised in secrecy. After his father’s death, no king was there to rule England. To solve this problem, Merlin set a sword in stone and said whoever takes it out will become king. Arthur was the one to take the sword out and he became king. He married Guinevere, and his father-in-law gave him the Round Table where Arthur and his knights sat(thus come the stories of King Arthur and the Knights at the Round Table). King Arthur fought the Romans and beat them, eventually becoming emperor. One of his knights, Lancelot, committed adultery with his wife, Guinevere, and they were both sentenced to death. Lancelot left the kingdom and came back to rescue his lover, which caused Arthur to declare war on his prior knight. Arthur’s final battle was the Battle of Salisbury, where he was deeply wounded. “Some said he never died, but would one day return.” 600-700: King Arthur

9. The people of England originated from the Anglo-Saxons. The independent kingdoms of England were Northumbria(southern Scotland and northern England), Mercia(central England), and Wessex(southern England). The kingdoms were divided into governmental districts, which were called shires. In the early 800s, the kings of Wessex controlled almost all of England. This was soon to change as the Vikings(the Danes) conquered England. In 871, Alfred the Great got the throne of Wessex and was determined to get the Vikings out. He first paid them a HUGE sum of money and spent the next five years reconstructing his army, which he used to attack the Vikings in 876. The war went on for TEN YEARS, until the Vikings claimed for peace in 886. In the 900s, Alfred’s descendants allied England, reinforced the government and spread Christianity to the people. Unfortunately, the Vikings attacked again, and by 1013 they had conquered all of England. King Canute of Denmark had become the new king. When it was time for his sons to receive the throne, they were unable to live up to their father’s expectations and the Danish royal line soon died out. This resulted in the Anglo-Saxon nobles picking a new king: Edward the Confessor. 800s-1000s: Anglo-Saxon and Danish England

10. Edward the Confessor unfortunately died without any children to receive the throne in 1066. Duke William of Normandy insisted that that he get the throne because he was a distant relative of Edward, but the Anglo-Saxons selected Harold of Wessex as their new king. William and the Normans defeated the King Harold and the Anglo-Saxons, and King Harold died in battle. Duke William of Normandy became King William I of England(also known as William the Conqueror). The next king, Henry I, set up a new department in his kingdom called the exchequer, who handled his finances. 1200s – England set up a 12 juror system for court cases. Court cases were originally tried in the king’s court but now they were trial by jury. King John adopted the Magna Carta which stated that “the king had to obey the law just as his subjects did, or they would be free to rebel against him.” 1265 – England’s Great Council transformed into the Parliament of England. The parliament was split into two houses – House of Commons and House of Lords. Edward I established common law for England. Common law is “the law administered through the system of courts established for the purpose, as distinct from equity or admiralty.” 1000s-1300s in England

11. King Arthur is a historical figure that many people enjoy to hear, even if he might not have been real. Just like heroes in The Odyssey and The Iliad, King Arthur is one story as fascinating as the rest. Alfred the King wanted his people to be educated. He established schools and brought scholars from all over Europe to study in them. Under his command, the pupils of the schools began putting together the history of England, starting out as the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle. King William I brought feudalism: a political system of local government based on the granting of land in return for loyalty, military assistance and other services, to England. King William I created the Doomsday Book, a record keeping of the population of England used for tax purposes. England established 12 jury members in trials and trials by juries. The U.S. also uses 12 jurors in cases. “The Magna Carta is considered one of the world’s great documents, spelling out the basic principles of limited government and the rule of law.” England started a government with a parliament, which is how many countries around the world are governed. For example: Germany, Greece, Italy, Canada, etc. “Common law forms the basis for the present-day legal systems in the United States and in England.” Accomplishments

12. The Vikings

13. Who were the Vikings? The Vikings were vicious warriors who attacked many people across Europe. They were warriors, merchants, pirates, and looters, who were from Scandinavia. They raided and looted most of the land north of the Byzantine Empire, including the countries of Sweden, Denmark, England , and Ireland. TheVikings Where did the Vikings Invade? The Vikings invaded many countries across Northern and Western Europe. The Vikings sailed the majority of the North Atlantic, they reached Russia, North Africa, and Constantinople. In the year 793, perhaps the most famous Viking invasion in Lindisfarne, England. Monks in Lindisfarne were either beaten and killed or taken as slaves. These raids were notorious for there violence and there aftermath. Why did the Vikings raid? The Vikings raided for multiple reasons, the first being that they only had fishing and that was a limited resource, and they needed more to survive. They also raided many churches because that was where a lot of the country’s money was and that’s what they needed. The Vikings attacked Monks because they were cruel, and the monks were easy targets and they were not trained to fight.

14. The Vikings had many great accomplishments and they are still remembered and used today, like the riches and arts, they found. They took currencies to other countries and connected cultures. The Vikings were one of the first to have a useful mode of transportation, boat travel. The exploration of new worlds and the places that we know today, exist because the Vikings had the will to explore and found new lands for people to colonize. They discovered new culture and art and literature, new ways of trade and commerce, these were discovered as ruins or remains of Viking raids. The Vikings connected worlds and cultures alike, countries have been united like Norway, Sweden, Finland and Denmark, all Scandinavian countries. An excellent accomplishment was their weapons. They were masters with creating and using weapons, creating armor and swords and they pioneered there winged masks by adding horns. Accomplishments ofVikings

15. The importance of the Vikings accomplishments was that we are now able to use boat travel for daily life. They have also showed a great deal about weapon making to future generations like how to make quality swords and armor. Countries might not have existed for hundreds of years if the Vikings had not found countries. This could have drastically changed the way the world is today. Also, the Vikings were one of the first people to learn how to trade effectively and countries have adapted the trade routes that they have used. They were the first people to find their ways to countries without using technology. They wanted to explore and set sail for countries and have know paved the way for other countries to send future explore like Christopher Columbus. The art, literature and weaponry that countries know today are partly because of the Vikings and the archeological findings of people. The art was some of the best at the time, their ships were hand crafted into a dragon or other fine architecture at the front of the ship. For literature, the Vikings spoke Old Norse, languages have rooted from this language. This is why these accomplishments are important, because they have been used by people for thousands of years. ImportanceofAccomplishments

16. A great legacy of the Vikings would be the Minnesota Vikings football team. If the Vikings never existed then neither would the football team, where the culture and the people of America would have changed. They have also left a genetic legacy. People of Scandinavian descent probably have old ancestors, who were once Vikings. The main language of Britain is English, however it is called Queen’s English, which has direct root back to the language of the Vikings, which is a strong part of their legacy. Their greatest legacy could be the fact that they altered the map of Europe, completely expanding it, although they rarely settled, they discovered places that have colonized and are still inhabited today, by many people of countries over the world. While it is not popular, the Vikings discovered lots of jewels, silver and gold, which led to the development of many riches and jewelry. Legacyof the Vikings

17. France

18. Charlemagne was King of the Franks in 768 and Emperor of the Romans from 800 until his death in 814 He expanded the Frankish kingdom into an empire that incorporated most of the western and central part of Europe He conquered Italy and was crowned Imperator Augustus by Pope Leo III on 25 December 800 Temporarily, this made him a rival of the Byzantine Emperor in Constantinople Charlemagne helped define both Western Europe and the Middle Ages through his conquests and reforms Charlemagne

19. After Charlemagne’s death in 814, his son Louis I took over the empire an kept it united But when Louis I died in 840 the Carolingian Empire would not survive The empire was divided between his three sons by The Treaty of Verdun (next slide) East Francia went to Louis the German, also known as Louis II, Middle Francia went to the eldest son of Louis I, Lothair I and West Francia went to Charles the Bald, the youngest of his three sons Louis I

20. Treaty of Verdun West Francia, given to Charles the Bald East Francia, given to Louis II The Treaty of Verdun was a treaty giving the three surviving sons of Louis I parts of the Carolingian Empire Middle Francia, given to Lothair I

21. Feudalism was a set of legal and military customs in medieval Europe that flourished between the ninth and fifteenth centuries Constant threatening of Viking invasions, caused France to become a very decentralized state Because of this, the nobility's titles and lands became hereditary and the authority of the king became more religious than effective Feudalism in France

22. The Carolingian dynasty ruled France until 987, when Hugh Capet, Duke of France and Count of Paris, was crowned King of France The End of the Carolingian Empire

23. Charlemagne helped the development of commerce with the use of a unified money system and the building of roads He put down the rules of the feudal system He encouraged the development of knowledge, and of reading and writing He freed slaves and they became serfs (a step higher than slaves) Accomplishments