CAUSES OF FILIPINO REVOLTS

2. CAUSES OF FILIPINO REVOLTS • Desire to regain the lost freedom of their ancestors (Political) • Religious intolerance of Spanish authorities (Religious) • Abuses of the Spaniards (Personal) • The hated tribute and oppressive forced labor • Loss of ancestral lands

3. Early Revolts in Philippine History • Identify the causes of the revolts • Create a profile page for a certain revolt and • Discuss the outcome/result of the revolt

4. LAKANDULA and sulayman • Causes of revolt: • Maltreatment of his people by Spanish masters • Broken promises of Spanish officials particularly exemption of his relatives and descendants from tribute and forced labor. • Results: • Armed clash averted by amicable settlement. Fr. Geronimo Martin and Capt. Juan de Salcedo pacified Lakandula and persuaded him to lay down his arms. • He even helped to defeat the piratical attack of Limahong.

5. Magat Salamat (1587-1588) • son of Lakandula • Together with him: • Agustin de Legazpi – Lakandula’s nephew • Martin Pangan – Chief of Tondo • Juan Bassi – Chief of Taguig • Pedro Balinguit – Chief of Pandacan

6. The Plan: • To bring Japanese warriors and weapons to drive the Spaniards out. • Dionisio Fernandez – a Japanese Christian, who acted as an interpreter • Juan Gayo – a Japanese captain whom they negotiated for alliance and military aid • Result: • Pedro Sarmiento – discovered the plot through Magat Salamat’s friend Antonio Surabao and immediately warned the Spanish authorities. • The leaders were executed.

7. Magalat (1596) • He and his brother urged the people of Cagayan to overthrow Spanish rule during the term of Gov. Gen. Francisco Tello. • His revolt could not be crushed by arms • The Spaniards resorted to assassination which ended his revolt • He was murdered in his own house • First assassination in Philippine History.

8. Igorot Revolt (1601) • The Igorots revolted in defense of their pagan gods. • They killed Fr. Esteban Marin, Spanish missionary. • Capt. Mateo de Aranda – suppressed the revolt

9. Gaddang Revolt (1621) • Due to the abuses of the Spanish authorities • Cagayan Valley • Leaders: Felipe Cutabay and Gabriel Dayag • Result: Fr. Pedro de Santo Tomas – persuaded the Gaddangs to lay down their arms.

10. Tamblot (1621-1622) • A Babaylan led this religious revolt. • He incited Boholanos to return to their pagan religion. • He was joined by 2,000 Boholanos • Suppressed by government troops led by Alcalde Mayor Juan de Alcarazo with 50 Spaniards and more than 1,000 Cebuanos..

11. GROUP ACTIVITY • Each group is given a revolt to work on. Make a profile page for the leader (similar to your fb page). • Your work must include the following: • Profile picture of the leader • His information • A status of his revolution • Comment of the Spaniards against the uprising

12. Bankaw’s Revolt (1622) • Leyte • An old chief of Limasawa became a Christian because he received a royal gift from Spain in recognition of his grandfather’s hospitality to Magellan. • In his old age, with the influence of his son and Pagali, a native priest, he discarded his faith. • He led a religious revolt to restore paganism. • Suppressed by Juan de Alcarazo, one who suppressed the revolt. • His head was placed on a plate and was displayed in public

13. PEDRO LADIA’S REVOLT (1643) • Was a Bornean who claimed descent from Raja Matanda. • Urged the people of Malolos to fight against the Spanish oppressors and enthrone him as King of the Tagalogs. • Fr, Cristobal Enriquez – a parish priest from Malolos, reported Ladia’s plans to the authorities even before the rebel could take the first step. • He was captured and executed in Manila.

14. Juan Ponce (Francisco) Sumuroy (1649-1650) • Cause: harsh order of Gov. Gen. Diego Fajardo compelling men in the village to render forced labor in the shipyard of Cavite. • The Spanish authorities persuaded the natives to lead them to Sumuroy’s hideout in the mountains. • Result: ended in failure, he was taken alive and put to death.

15. Francisco Maniago (1660-1661) • Causes: • Natural love of the Pampangans love for freedom • Hardship of forced labor in forests and shipyards. • Rice taken from the people by government agents without payment • Result: • The cause weakened because Juan Makapagal, powerful chief, remained loyal to Spain. • Accepted the peace offer of Gov. Gen. Marique de Lara upon the advice of a kind friar, Fr. Andres de Salazar

16. Andres Malong (1744-1829) • A military leader who was inspired by Maniago • Led the revolt in Pangasinan • Proclaimed himself as the “King of Pangasinan” • Sent troops to as far as Vigan • Was hanged

17. Pedro Almazan (1661) • In response to Malong’s revolt, he called the Ilocanos to revolt against the Spaniards • King of the Ilocanos • Burned churches • Was executed in the town plaza

18. Tapar (1663) • He was a babaylan who was a new convert to Catholicism. • He founded a new syncretic religion which was a modified form of Christianity. He proclaimed himself "God Almighty" and went around garbed in a woman's dress.

19. Killed Father Francisco de Mesa, friar curate of Oton. • Mercilessly impaled on a bamboo stake and placed strategically at the mouth of the Laglag (now Dueñas) River to be eaten also by crocodiles.

20. Tumalang (Zambal) Revolt (1681-1683) • After Malong’s revolt, the Spaniards wanted to make sure that the roots of his rebellion be exterminated. • Governor General Juan de Vargas Hurtado – sent a combine Filipino and Spanish troops to punish the Zambals who helped Malong. • Tumalang fought bitterly but unfortunately he was captured and converted to Christianity.

21. Francisco Dagohoy (1744-1829) • Longest revolt which lasted for 85 years • Cause: refusal of Spanish curate, Fr. Gaspar de Morales, to give Christian burial to Dagohoy’s brother Sagarino who died because of a duel. • He killed Fr. Morales and urged the Boholanos to rise against the Spaniards. • End of the Revolt: • He died due to old age in the mountain. His followers continued the fight • It took 20 successive governor-generals before the oppression was suppressed • Gov. Gen. Mariano Ricafort – seriously undertook measures to end the revolt.

22. Diego Silang (1762-1763) • Proclaimed the independence of Ilocos. • Demanded the abolition of forced labor and tribute • Took advantage of the chaos of the times owing to the British occupation of Manila. He was befriended by the British.

23. Causes: • To regain the lost freedom of the Ilokanos. • Spanish abuses and oppression • End of Rebellion: • Silang’s assassination on May 28, 1763 by Miguel Vicos for a sum of Spanish gold and in the name of Catholicism and loyalty to Spain.

24. Gabriela Silang • Maria Josefa Gabriela • Wife of Diego • Was believed to be the first woman to revolt in Philippine History. • Continued the rebellion with the help of Nicolas Carino, Diego’s uncle. • Was defeated by the Spanish forces and later executed Joan of Arc of the Ilocandia

25. Juan dela Cruz Palaris (1762-1764) • Pantaleon Perez – real name • Revolted because of the abuses of the Spanish government in Pangasinan. • Created a kingdom wherein the capital was Binalatongan (now known as San Carlos City) • Was caught because his sister was forced to tell where to find him. • Was executed

26. Ibanag Revolt (1763) • Isabela and Cagayan • Dabo and Juan Marayag • Inspired by the revolts of Silang and Palaris • Natives declared their independence and refused to pay tributes • It did not last long after Lt. Governor Manuel de Arza ordered is Filipino mercenaries to suppress it.

27. Basi Revolt (1807) • Also known as Ambaristo Revolt • Headed by Pedro Ambaristo • Cause: the government monopolizes the production of wine.

28. Bayot Revolt (1822) • The revolt was headed by the Bayot brothers – Joaquin, Manuel and Jose. They were sons of Colonel Francisco Bayot of the Spanish Army based in Manila. • They revolted because the Insulares were not treated as if they are not Spanish at all. • Planned to overthrow the Spanish government and declare their father as King. • Sentenced to life imprisonment

29. Apolinario de la Cruz (Hermano Pule) (1840-1841) • He wanted to become a priest but was not accepted because he was a native. • He worked instead at the Hospital of San Juan de Dios and acquired his religious education by reading the bible and listening to the sermons of the church. • Founded the Confradia de San Jose which was banned by Spanish authorities.

30. The Spaniards were denied admission to the Confradia. • Governor General Marcelino de OraaLecumberri – banned the organization because according to them it is a form of heresy. • Recruited 4,000 men and armed them with bolos and amulets and encamped a the foot of Mt. Banahaw. • Appointed Octavio Ignacio de San Jorge (Purgatorio) as the leader of his army. • Was executed and his head was cut off and displayed on the road.

31. Failure of the Revolts • Absence of national consciousness • Lack of leaders to unite the whole archipelago • Regional hostility • Archipelagic nature of the Philippines prevented a steady communication in the provinces. • Superiority of the Spanish arms • The betrayals and assassinations of rebel leaders.