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Chapter

Chapter . Emergency Preparedness and Assessment. The Importance of Observational Skills During an Emergency. Looking Listening Touching Smelling Examples of each?.

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  1. Chapter Emergency Preparedness and Assessment

  2. The Importance of Observational Skills During an Emergency • Looking • Listening • Touching • Smelling • Examples of each?

  3. An athlete playing soccer goes up for a header and gets taken out at the knees. The athlete lands awkwardly on their head. After all the commotion the athlete appears to not be moving. What would you do? Think & discuss.

  4. Emergency Action Plan • Written plan describing procedures and roles that must be in place for emergency situations.

  5. Why Do We Need An EAP?

  6. Why do we need an EAP? • Most injuries do not result in life or death emergencies • Unexpected & require immediate medical attention • Time is a critical factor

  7. Why do we need an EAP? • Decisions: • Made based on knowledge • Must be effective • There is no room for uncertainty, indecision, or error

  8. Why do we need an EAP? • But for those moments when a life hangs in the balance…

  9. Emergency Action Plan • Develop EAP for each venue • Personnel • Policies & Procedures • Practice vs. game • Specify roles • Emergency Equipment • Practice • Establish Policies & Procedures for removal of protective equipment

  10. Emergency Action Plan • Communication • Walkie-talkie, cell phone, landline • Establish plan & roles • Emergency Health Care Delivery Plan • School-based Plan • Local EMS Plan • Staff knows plans for use

  11. Emergency Action Plan • Accessibility • Keys, gates, roads, ramps, walkways

  12. Emergency Action Plan • Meetings • Inform AT staff of roles • Inform university staff of roles

  13. Emergency Action Plan • Transportation • Transport? Ride-along?

  14. Emergency Action Plan • Contact Information • Contact info & consent forms

  15. Emergency Action Plan • Facility Plans • Venue guidelines • Spectators

  16. Cooperation withEmergency Care Providers • Guidelines • Involve EMS w/design & implementation of EAP • Develop procedure for emergency situations • Practice at least once/year w/all responsible parties

  17. Cooperation withEmergency Care Providers • Guidelines • ATCs • More experience transporting than physician • More experience dealing w/removal of equipment • Set guidelines • EMS • More experience spineboarding • Final say?

  18. Communicating with the Emergency Medical Service (EMS) • Any information on the severity of the injury • What first aid is being provided • Address and location of injured athlete • Where you will meet the EMS team

  19. Parent Notification • Minor • Consent • Before or during emergency • Should be in writing • Preseason consent • Travel? • Implied Consent • Life threatening situations

  20. OA 9.10 • Define: UNIVERSAL PRECAUTIONS • If an athlete is injured, what are the first three things you assess when arriving to their side?

  21. Blood Involvement in an Emergency • When blood and other body fluids are present during an injury • Standard precautions are required • Wearing gloves is standard procedure whenever blood or other body fluids are involved

  22. Universal precautions • OSHA(Occupational Safety & Health Administration) in 1991 – govern exposure to BBPs • Training must be done yearly

  23. Universal precautions • Preparing the Athlete • Cover & dress all open skin wounds – occlusive dressing • Hydrocolloid dressing is superior • Prevent transmission

  24. Universal precautions • When Bleeding Occurs • Athlete must be removed from competition • Return to play & uniform regulations • Based on sport/level

  25. Universal Precautions • Those in direct contact must use protective equipment • Non-latex gloves, gowns, aprons, masks & face shield, eye protection, CPR barriers • Emergency kits should include gloves, CPR barrier, alcohol prep pads at minimum

  26. Universal Precautions • Doubling gloves is suggested with severe bleeding

  27. Universal precautions • Use Personal Precautions • Extreme care must be used with glove removal • Glove Removal

  28. Universal precautions • Use Personal Precautions • Wash hand & skin surfaces • Proper Hand Washing

  29. Think & Discuss You arrive to tennis practice and see a group huddled around an athlete lying on the ground. What do you do first?

  30. On-field Assessment • Appropriate acute care cannot be provided without a systematic assessment occurring on the playing field first • Determine mechanism of injury • Provides information regarding direction of treatment • Divided into primary and secondary survey

  31. The Primary Survey • Performed initially to establish presence of life-threatening condition • Airway, breathing, circulation, shock and severe bleeding • Used to correct life-threatening conditions

  32. Primary Survey • Life-threatening conditions • Level of Consciousness • ABC’s • Airway • Breathing • Circulation • Shock • Anaphylaxis • Hypovolemic • Cardiogenic

  33. Primary Survey

  34. Unconscious athlete • Provides great dilemma relative to treatment • Must be considered to have life-threatening condition

  35. Unconscious Athlete • Note body position and level of consciousness • Check and establish ABC’s • Assume neck and spine injury • Remove helmet only after neck and spine injury is ruled out (facemask removal)

  36. Unconscious athlete

  37. Unconscious athlete

  38. Establishing ABC’s • Equipment Considerations • Remove facemask – necessary? • Mouthpiece • Opening the Airway • Head tilt-chin lift • Jaw thrust • Establish Breathing • Establish Circulation

  39. Equipment considerations • Facemask removal • Trainer’s Angel • FMXtractor • Screwdriver

  40. OA 9.12 If a wrestler is lying prone on the mat when you arrive, what steps would you take to assess the situation.

  41. Primary survey ✔ ✔ ✔

  42. Now what?? • After ruling out life-threatening injuries, we begin the secondary survey • Treat for major injuries with acute on-field care • Begins with an assessment of vital signs • Musculoskeletal Assessment

  43. The Secondary Survey • Life-threatening conditions ruled out • Gather specific information about injury • Assess vital signs and perform more detailed evaluation of conditions that do not pose life-threatening consequences

  44. On-field care • Time to make the decision and choose the direction of care • Seriousness of the injury • Type of first-aid & immobilization • Immediate referral or further assessment • Management of transportation

  45. On-field care • Begin immediate treatment • (P).R.I.C.E. • Protect • Rest • Ice • Compress • Elevate

  46. On-field care • Don’t forget… DOCUMENT EVERYTHING!

  47. EMERGENCY SPLINTING • Guidelines • Splint before moving the athlete • Splint the joint above and below the injury site

  48. EMERGENCY SPLINTING • Types • Rapid form vacuum immobilizer • Air splint • SAM splint • Spineboard • Femur splint

  49. Emergency emotional care • Injuries don’t just affect the physical side of the athlete • Must treat the emotional side as well • Show empathy & remain calm

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