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Chapter 22. Physical Therapy Skills. Career Highlight. Physical therapy assistants are valuable members of the health care team Education requirements Licensure in most states Duties performed Required skills. 22:1 Performing Range-of-Motion (ROM) Exercises. Purposes of ROM
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Chapter 22 Physical Therapy Skills
Career Highlight • Physical therapy assistants are valuable members of the health care team • Education requirements • Licensure in most states • Duties performed • Required skills
22:1 Performing Range-of-Motion (ROM) Exercises • Purposes of ROM • Problems caused by lack of movement and activity • Contracture of muscles • Muscle and joint function • Circulatory impairment • Mineral loss • Other problems (continues)
22:1 Performing Range-of-Motion (ROM) Exercises(continued) • Types of ROM • Active ROM • Active assistive ROM • Passive ROM • Resistive ROM (continues)
Performing Range-of-Motion(ROM) Exercises(continued) • Proper terms for movement of each joint; see Fig. 22-3 in text • Principles to observe while performing ROM
22:2 Transfer (Gait) Belts, Crutches, Canes, or Walkers • Patients may require aids, or assistive devices, for ambulation • Type used depends on injury and patient’s condition • Certain points must be observed when a patient uses crutches, canes, a walker, or a transfer belt (continues)
Transfer (Gait) Belts, Crutches,Canes, or Walkers(continued) • Remain alert at all times while ambulating • Transfer (gait) belt • Basic principles for ambulating a patient with a transfer belt • Crutches—artificial supports • Basic principles for ambulating a patient with crutches (continues)
Transfer (Gait) Belts, Crutches, Canes, or Walkers (continued) • Cane—provides balance and support • Basic principles for ambulating a patient with a cane • Walker—has four legs • Basic principles for ambulating a patient with a walker
Summary • Always check ambulation aids before using • Make sure aid is properly fitted to patient • Use gait taught by therapist • Be alert to patient safety at all times
22:3 Administering Heat/Cold Applications • Cryotherapy—use of cold for treatment • Applied to the skin • Pain relief • Reduce swelling • Control bleeding • Moist cold • Dry cold (continues)
Administering Heat/Cold Applications(continued) • Thermotherapy—use of heat for treatment • Applied to the skin • Pain relief • Increase drainage and stimulate healing • Fight infection and increase circulation • Muscle spasm relief • Increase muscle mobility (continues)
Administering Heat/ColdApplications(continued) • Moist heat • Dry heat • Effect of heat and cold applications on blood vessels • Doctor’s order is required for a heat or cold application (continues)
Administering Heat/ColdApplications(continued) • Checkpoints while application in place • Alertness required • Safety precautions • Standard precautions (continues)
Administering Heat/ColdApplications(continued) • Basic principles for applying an ice bag or ice collar • Basic principles for applying a warm-water bag (continues)
Administering Heat/ColdApplications(continued) • Basic principles for applying an aquathermia pad • Basic principles for applying a moist compress • Basic principles for administering a sitz bath
Summary • Doctor’s order required for all heat or cold applications • Follow correct procedures to prevent injury to patient • Check patient and condition of skin frequently
