Ch 20 and 21

1. Ch 20 and 21

2. Image Crises over Cuba • The Cuban Dilemma • Revolutionary leader Fidel Castro declares himself communist • - seizes U.S. properties; Eisenhower cuts off diplomatic relations • 10% of Cuban population goes into exile; mostly to U.S. Continued . . . NEXT

5. The New Frontier The Promise of Progress Kennedy’s Vision of Progress • New Frontier—policies of the Kennedy administration Continued . . . NEXT

7. The Televised Debate Affects Votes in 1960 • Americans fear U.S. falling behind Soviets militarily • First televised presidential debate between Kennedy, Richard Nixon • Kennedy coached by TV producers, comes across better than Nixon Kennedy and Civil Rights JFK takes stand on arrest of Martin Luther King, Jr; wins black vote

8. The Bay of Pigs Cuban exiles, CIA plan invasion to topple Castro Plans go wrong; exile forces killed, taken prisoner mission is public embarrassment

9. SECTION 1 Interactive continuedCrises over Cuba • The Cuban Missile Crisis • Nikita Khrushchev sends weapons to Cuba, including nuclear missiles • JFK warns Soviets that missile placement will result in war • Soviets avoid confrontation at sea; reach agreement with U.S. • Kennedy and Khrushchev Take the Heat • Khrushchev’s prestige severely damaged in U.S.S.R. • JFK criticized for brinkmanship, also for not ousting Castro • Cuban exiles switch to GOP; Castro bans flights to and from Miami NEXT

10. SECTION 2 Image Tragedy in Dallas • Four Days in November • November 22, 1963, JFK shot, killed riding in motorcade in Dallas • Jack Ruby shoots alleged assassin Lee Harvey Oswald • Vice president Lyndon Johnson succeeds JFK • Unanswered Questions • • Warren Commission investigates, concludes Oswald acted alone • 1979 reinvestigation concludes Oswald part of conspiracy NEXT

14. Civil Rights Activism, new legislation, and the Supreme Court advance equal rights for African Americans. But disagreements among civil rights groups lead to a violent period for the civil rights movement. Martin Luther King, Jr., waving to the crowd at the Lincoln Memorial during the March on Washington, D.C. (1963). NEXT

15. Taking on Segregation SECTION 1 SECTION 2 The Triumphs of a Crusade Challenges and Changes in the Movement SECTION 3 Civil Rights NEXT

16. Section 1 Taking on Segregation Activism and a series of Supreme Court decisions advance equal rights for African Americans in the 1950s and 1960s. NEXT

17. SECTION 1 Image Taking on Segregation The Segregation System • Plessy v. Ferguson • 1896 ruling: separate but equal constitutional Continued . . . NEXT

18. SECTION 1 Challenging Segregation in Court Plessy v. Ferguson 1896 ruling: separate but equal • Brown v. Board of Education • Marshall’s greatest victory is Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka • In 1954 case, Court unanimously strikes down school segregation NEXT

19. SECTION 1 Reaction to the Brown Decision • Resistance to School Desegregation • Within 1 year, over 500 school districts desegregate • Some districts, state officials, pro-white groups actively resist Continued . . . NEXT

20. SECTION 1 Image continued Reaction to the Brown Decision • Crisis in Little Rock • Gov. Orval Faubus has National Guard turn away black students • supervise school attendance • African-American students harassed by whites at school all year • 1957 Civil Rights Act—federal government power over schools, voting NEXT

21. SECTION 1 Image The Montgomery Bus Boycott • Boycotting Segregation • 1955 NAACP officer Rosa Parks arrested for not giving up seat on bus • organizes bus boycott • Elect 26-year-old Baptist pastor Martin Luther King, Jr. leader- civil disobedience, massive demonstration • Walking for Justice • 1956, Supreme Court outlaws bus segregation NEXT

22. Section 2 The Triumphs of a Crusade Civil rights activists break through racial barriers. Their activism prompts landmark legislation. NEXT

23. SECTION 2 The Triumphs of a Crusade Riding for Freedom CORE’s Freedom Rides • 1961, CORE tests Court decision banning interstate bus segregation • Freedom riders—blacks, whites sit, use station facilities together Continued . . . NEXT

24. SECTION 2 Marching to Washington • More Violence • September, 4 Birmingham girls killed when bomb thrown into church • LBJ signs Civil Rights Act of 1964 • - prohibits discrimination because of race, religion, gender NEXT

25. SECTION 2 Chart continuedFighting for Voting Rights • The Selma Campaign • 1965, voting rights demonstrator killed in Selma, AL • King leads 600 protest marchers; TV shows police violently stop them • Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Congress finally passes Voting Rights Act of 1965 • Stops literacy tests, allows federal officials to enroll voters • Increases black voter enrollment NEXT

26. Section 3 Challenges and Changes in the Movement Disagreements among civil rights groups and the rise of black nationalism create a violent period in the fight for civil rights. NEXT

27. SECTION 3 Challenges and Changes in the Movement African Americans Seek Greater Equality Northern Segregation • De facto segregation exists by practice, custom; problem in North • De jure segregation is segregation required by law Continued . . . NEXT

28. SECTION 3 Image New Leaders Voice Discontent African-American Solidarity • Nation of Islam, Black Muslims, advocate blacks separate from whites - believe whites source of black problems • Malcolm X—controversial Muslim leader, speaker; gets much publicity • Frightens whites, moderate blacks; resented by other Black Muslims Continued . . . NEXT

30. SECTION 3 continuedNew Leaders Voice Discontent Black Panthers • Black Panthers fight police brutality, want black self-sufficiency • Preach ideas of Mao Zedong; have violent confrontations with police NEXT

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