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Once upon a time...

Once upon a time. and then…. environmental change : land degradation, Pollution, Climate change….

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Once upon a time...

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  1. Once upon a time... and then…. environmental change : land degradation, Pollution, Climate change….

  2. China’s nationwide land conversion program offers a unique opportunity for estimating the direct and indirect value of Greenland ecosystem services, which include functions of vital importance to society. Through discontinuing cultivation on steep slopes and conversion into forests or grasslands, the program aims to: • fostering rehabilitation and conservation of degraded ecosystem functions, • to realize flood control, • mitigate soil erosion, • alleviate land degradation, • combat sand storm generation and desertification, • address conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity, • increase storage of GHGs in terrestrial ecosystems.

  3. “Grain for Green” China's National Land Conversion Programme • In 1999: three pilot provinces(Gansu, Sichuan and Shaanxi) • In 2002: State Council extended GFG to 20 provinces; by now largest environmental conservation program • Contains about 5.3 mill. ha • Involves: more than 400 counties, 5700 townships, 16 mill. farmers

  4. GANSU 1997 I-O TABLES COUNTYSTATISTICALDATA 2000 ELEVATION 8 3 1 CLIMATE SOIL LAND COVER ADMINISTR. UNITS 2 SLOPEDISTRIBUTION INCULTIVATED LAND GIS CHINAGRO Steps in GFG Land Valuation Methodology • PRODUCTION • CULTIVATED LAND • RAINFED, IRRIG. • AVERAGE YIELD 4 LAND TYPES: IRRIGATED, RAINFED, GFG LAND 6 AEZ LANDPRODUCTIVITY (RAINFED, IRRIG.) PRODUCTION & YIELDS OF GFG LAND 5 CONSTRAINED I-O MODEL ANALYSIS 7 9 NPV OF SOCIAL COST OF GFG PROGRAM REPORTS ONGFG IMPLEMENT- ATION 10 COST OF ESTABLISHMENT & MAINTENANCE OF VEGET. COVER 11

  5. Gansu Province – Some Basic Data • Population 25.6 millions • Total Area 40.4 mill. Ha of Total • Grassland 12.9 mill. ha 32.0 % • Forestland 4.7 mill. ha 11.5 % • Not used/usable 16.4 mill. ha 40.6 % • Cultivated 5.0 mill. ha 12.4 % • slopes 15 - 25º 1.1 mill. ha 22.3% • slopes >25 º 0.3 mill. ha 5.5 % • by 2003 idled 0.4 mill. Ha (30%) • Grain Production 7.5 mill. tons • Wheat 3.0 mill. tons • Maize 2.0 mill. tons

  6. GIS Layers - Gansu Province

  7. Regional Economy Model • A regional Input-Output (I-O) model was developed to estimate the secondary effects of land use changes. • Involves obtaining data on the sectoral distribution of local purchases and sales to final demand of every sector of the economy. • Regional I-O model was constructed using published data of 1997 (Gansu Statistics Bureau, 2000). • The original model includes 124 economic sectors. • 5 in agriculture, 84 in industry, 1 in construction, 9 in transport and communication, and 25 service sectors. • “Final use” comprises of six categories:peasant, non-peasant, government consumption, fixed investment, inventory changes, and net exports. • The 124 industrial sectors were reduced to 14 sectors.

  8. Annual Social Cost of GFG Land Conversion in Gansu Province

  9. GFG Policy Considerations • GFG program is now in full swing, pursuing multiple objectives of environmental rehabilitation, poverty alleviation, excess supply management • Study shows significant social costs for restoring Greenland ecosystem functions • Government plays crucial roles in combating environmental degradation: • Acts as trustee of natural resources • Sets rules of land conversion program expressing social willingness-to-pay • Organizes scientific support and technical backstopping • Coordinates across sectors and administrative levels • Establishes legal frame and enforces environmental regulations • Fosters public participation and creates enabling environment • Monitors progress and evaluates impacts

  10. CHINAGRO THANK YOU!

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