STRUCTURE

1. CELL STRUCTURE & FUNCTION NOTES

2. A. CELL THEORY 1) All living things are made of one or more cells. 2) Cells are the basic unit of structure and function in living things. 3) Living cells come only from other living cells.

3. B) Two Types of Cells: 1) EUKARYOTIC CELLS: • These cells have a nucleus. • Nucleus is a membrane covered organelle that holds the DNA. • Examples are plant and animal cells. 2) PROKARYOTIC CELLS: • These cells DO NOT have a nucleus. • DNA exists in loops that floats freely in the cell. • An example is bacteria

4. Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell

5. Eukaryotic Cell Prokaryotic Cell

6. C) ANIMAL VS. PLANT CELLS: No Cell wall Cell wall Small Vacuoles Large Vacuoles Large No Chloroplasts Chloroplasts

7. D) SOME CELL TERMS & STRUCTURES: 1) ORGANELLES: • tiny organs in the cell. 2) CYTOPLASM: • fluid filling inside the cell membrane. • makes up the majority of cell’s mass.

8. Organelles Cytoplasm

9. 3) CELL MEMBRANE • controls movement of materials into and out of the cell • holds cell together Cell membrane Animal Cell

10. Cell membrane made of special lipids called “phospholipids” Cell membrane Animal Cell

11. Cell membrane Animal Cell

12. One phospholipid molecule.

13. Cell membrane Animal Cell

14. A model of a section of phospholipid molecules that make up the cell membrane.

15. Cell wall Plant Cell Cell membrane

16. 4) CELL WALL • found in plant cells not animal cells • provides strength and support for plant cells. • made of cellulose (long chains of sugar molecules)

17. E) ORGANELLES OF CELLS: • 1) Nucleus: • the control center of the cell • stores DNA (a) nucleolus - dark spot inside the nucleus, which makes ribosomes.

18. Nucleus Animal Cell DNA Nucleolus Nuclear membrane

19. (b) nuclear membrane - controls movement of materials in and out of nucleus. (c) DNA - stores information for making proteins

20. 2) RIBOSOME tiny grain like particles usually found along the E.R. proteins are made here Ribosome Proteins Amino acids

22. Endoplasmic reticulum Endoplasmic reticulum Ribosomes Animal Cell

23. 3) Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER): • makes lipids • the delivery system of the cell for compounds such as proteins through its tubular connections.

24. Mitochondria Outer membrane Inner membrane • 4) Mitochondria: • the “Power House” of the cell • releases energy packets of ATP for use in the cell.

25. Mitochondria

26. Organelles Cytoplasm

27. Chloroplast Outer membrane Inner membrane • 5) Chloroplast: • “Solar Panels” for capturing energy • they use energy from sunlight to make food in plant cells (i.e. glucose).

28. Mitochondria

40. Vacuole Chloroplast Mitochondria Plant Cell Cell membrane

41. Vacuole Animal Cell Plant Cell • 6) Vacuole: • “Storage Tanks” of the cell • store water, food and waste.

42. Golgi complex Animal Cell • 7) Golgi body: • packages and transports materials out of the cell.

43. Vesicle with food Animal Cell Lysosome • 8) Lysosome: • “Clean-up and Recycling Crew” • digest food particles, wastes, cell parts, and foreign invaders.

45. Summary of organelles and their functions

46. Organelles Cytoplasm

47. White Blood Cells Red Blood Cells