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1831: Nat Turner leads slave uprising in Virginia 1834: anti-abolitionist riots in Philadelphia and New York 1845: Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself 1847: Liberia proclaims independence (first African Republic)
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1831: Nat Turner leads slave uprising in Virginia • 1834: anti-abolitionist riots in Philadelphia and New York • 1845: Frederick Douglass, Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave, Written by Himself • 1847: Liberia proclaims independence (first African Republic) • 1849: Harriet Tubman (Underground Railroad)
1850: Fugitive Slave Act is strengthened • 1852: Harriet Beecher Stowe, Uncle Tom's Cabin • 1859: John Brown's revolt at Harpers Ferry • 1859: Last U.S. slave ship lands in Alabama
1863-1865: American Civil War • 1863: Emancipation Proclamation by President Lincoln • 1865: Slavery outlawed by 13th Amendment - “black codes” issued in former Confederate states, severely limiting rights of freed women and men • 1865: the Ku Klux Klan is created in Tennessee
1865: “40 acres and a mule” are promised for compensation to freed African American slaves after the Civil war— 40 acres of land to farm, and a mule with which to drag a plow so the land could be cultivated. • 1868: Congress passes 14 th Amendment, granting blacks equal citizenship and civil rights • 1870: 15th Amendment guarantees suffrage to all male U.S. Citizens • 1875: Civil Rights Act
1877: Federal Troops withdrew from the South • 1883: Supreme Court overturns Civil Rights Act of 1875 • 1890: Mississippi limits black suffrage through “understanding” test • 1894: Ida B. Wells, A Red Record
1895: Booker T. Washington, Atlanta Exposition Address • 1896: Supreme Court approves segregation (Plessy v. Ferguson) • 1900: Booker T. Washington, Up from Slavery • 1903: W.E.B. DU Bois, The Souls of Black Folk
1908: Jack Johnson becomes first African American heavyweight champion of the world
1917: the 369th Infantry Regiment (Harlem Hellfighters): the first African American Regiment in World War I
1919: 83 lynchings recorded during “Red summer of hate” The lynching of Thomas Shipp and Abram Smith, August 7, 1930
Billie Holiday, “Strange Fruit” Strange Fruit Southern trees bear strange fruit, Blood on the leaves and blood at the root, Black body swinging in the Southern breeze, Strange fruit hanging from the poplar trees. Pastoral scene of the gallant South, The bulging eyes and the twisted mouth, Scent of magnolia sweet and fresh, Then the sudden smell of burning flesh! Here is fruit for the crows to pluck, For the rain to gather, for the wind to suck, For the sun to rot, for the tree to drop, Here is a strange and bitter crop. • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=h4ZyuULy9zs