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Gerunds!

Gerunds!. I have a love of partying up in here!. What is a Gerund?. It ends in “ ing ” when translated – when have we seen an ing ending before? I enjoy swimming what function is swimming doing? Swimming iis an action in this sentence it is functioning as a noun- the concept “swimming”

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Gerunds!

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  1. Gerunds! I have a love of partying up in here!

  2. What is a Gerund? • It ends in “ing” when translated – when have we seen aningending before? • I enjoy swimming • what function is swimming doing? • Swimmingiis an action • in this sentence it is functioning as a noun- the concept “swimming” • it is the direct object • Denise became good at the clarinet (let’s eat one) by practicing • function of “practicing”? • serves the function of a noun • what function/ case? • ablative (of means) • A GERUND is a VERBAL NOUN. It ends in “ing” in English. • IT allows an action to function as a concept

  3. Slow it down! • Be careful! Many things in English end in –ing and they are not all gerunds! See if you can identify these different things that use –ing. • Marcus and Sextus are watching the race. • Present tense progressive form • Marcus was being rushed by his father. • Imperfect tense auxiliary verb • The horse running in lane 3 will win the race. • Present participle modifying horse • Remember that a gerund must act as a noun, not as an action.

  4. GOOD NEWS! • Steak and Shake happy hour from 2-4! • BAD NEWS! • you are probably in school during that time

  5. Look on the Bright side! • Gerunds are pretty easy to do in Latin. Rule: 2nd p. part / drop –re / add the endings • Gerunds are only neuter and singular Nom. ----- • There is no nominative ending because a gerund in Latin can not be the subject. Gen. -ndi • So how would the Romans have said something like seeing is believing? Dat. -ndo • They would use infinitives that say to see is to believe It is your job as a translator to phrase that as the gerund for English. Acc. -ndum Abl. -ndō • As usual, remember the extra stem vowel for 3rd-io and 4th conjugation verbs.

  6. amo, -are, -avi, -atus – like, love Nom. ----- Gen. amandi Dat. amando Acc. amandum Abl. amandō habeo, -ēre, -ui, itus – have, hold Nom. ----- Gen. habendi Dat. habendo Acc. habendum Abl. habendō • pono, -ere, posuipositus – put Nom. ----- Gen. ponendi Dat. ponendo Acc. ponendum Abl. ponendō • capio, -ere, cepi, captus – seize Nom. ----- Gen. capiendi Dat. capiendo Acc. capiendum Abl. capiendō • audio, -ire, audivi, auditus – hear Nom. ----- Gen. audiendi Dat. audiendo Acc. audiendum Abl. audiendō Examples putting loving seizing having hearing

  7. Uses of the gerund • Gerunds can function as any other noun in any case except for the nominative. Gerunds can not serve as subjects or predicate nominatives (a.k.a.complements) • Here are a few examples of gerunds in use. • Genitive case + causaorgratia = gerund of cause. • Virgratiavincendicucurrit. – The man ran for the sake of winning. • Genitive with certain adjectives = object of the adjective. • Vireratcupidusvincendi. – The man was desirous of winning. • Dative case = indirect object (translate with to or for as the sense needs). • Consul multumtemporisgubernandodabat. – The consul was giving much time to governing.

  8. More uses: • Dative case with special adjectives – translate using to or for as the sense needs. • Consul videbaturesseidoneusgubernando. – The consul seemed fit for governing. • Accusative case + ad = gerund of purpose. Translate using to or in order to. • Senator petitusestad interiaciendum. – The senator was sought in order to intervene. • Ablative case + prepositions = regular prepositional phrase. Translate according to the sense of the preposition. • Consul multaconsiliacapiebatde gubernandō. – The consul adopted many plans concerning governing. • Ablative case + no preposition = ablative of means. Translate using with or by. • Facerediscimusfaciendō. – We learn to do by doing.

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