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Review: Evolution of Life

Review: Evolution of Life. First life on Earth are prokaryotes (bacteria) Endosymbiosis gives rise to eukaryotes ( protists ) Photosynthetic protists give rise to plants Aquatic, single-celled flagellated protists give rise to fungus Fungus gives rise to animals.

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Review: Evolution of Life

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  1. Review: Evolution of Life • First life on Earth are prokaryotes (bacteria) • Endosymbiosis gives rise to eukaryotes (protists) • Photosynthetic protists give rise to plants • Aquatic, single-celled flagellated protists give rise to fungus • Fungus gives rise to animals

  2. Multicellular eukaryotes that ingest their food Kingdom ANimalia

  3. Characteristics of Animals • All animals share certain characteristics: • Multicellular eukaryotes • Heterotrophic  ingest their food • Ingestion – take food into body, digest internally • Carnivores, herbivores, omniovores, detritivores

  4. Characteristics of Animals, cont. • Most reproduce sexually • Development:

  5. How are animals classified? • Four key characteristics for classification  Body Plan • Symmetry • Tissues • Body cavities • Pattern of development

  6. 1. Symmetry • 3 types:

  7. 2. Tissues • Presence of true tissues • Group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function • Form from germ layers during development • Ectoderm: covers surface • Endoderm: innermost germ layer • Mesoderm: fills space between ectoderm and endoderm • Animals can be: • Diploblastic (“two layered”) or • Triploblastic (“three layered”)

  8. Body Cavity Digestive Cavity Digestive Tract Outer Body Wall 3. Body Cavities • Coelom = fluid-filled space separating the digestive tract from the outer body wall

  9. 3. Body Cavities, cont. • Three types of body cavities: • Acoelomate (“lacking cavity”) • No body cavity  solid body, space filled with mesoderm • Pseudocoelomate (“false cavity”) • Cavity forms between mesoderm and endoderm • Coelomate • Cavity forms within the mesoderm

  10. 4. Pattern of Development • Protostome or deuterostome depending on cell cleavage and fate, coelom formation, and fate of blastophore

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