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Hydrocarbons

Hydrocarbons. Chapter 22 Section 2. Hydrocarbons. Compounds that contain only Hydrocarbons are the simplest form of All other organic compounds have a . Alkanes. Alkanes  hydrocarbons that contains Homologous series  compounds that change by a Alkanes change by a common unit of

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Hydrocarbons

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  1. Hydrocarbons Chapter 22 Section 2

  2. Hydrocarbons • Compounds that contain only • Hydrocarbons are the simplest form of • All other organic compounds have a

  3. Alkanes • Alkanes  hydrocarbons that contains • Homologous series  compounds that change by a • Alkanes change by a common unit of • Example: common unit CH2

  4. Alkanes • Alkanes with 3 or fewer carbon atoms can have only . • Alkanes with 4 or more carbon atoms can have . • The more carbons in the molecule the more • Because an isomer is possible, does not mean that

  5. Cycloalkanes • Alkanes in which the carbons atoms . • Cycloalkanes with no double bonds have a general formula of • n = • n = 2 • n = 3 • Rings do not have an end for extra

  6. Alkane names • As more organic compounds were found a system for naming had to be developed • The International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry developed the standard for naming organic compounds (IUPAC)

  7. Unbranched chains • Unbranched chain names correspond to the prefix for its carbon atoms and • Prefix table page 718 • Example: • 3 carbons • 5 carbons

  8. Branched chains • These chains contain • Alkyl groups have one hydrogen removed from the alkane and is then attached to • Alkyl name table page 719 • Molecule names consist of the • Parent alkane is the longest carbon chain that allows .

  9. Naming Branched chains • Example page 719 • 1  find and name • 2  name the alkyl groups and • 3 number • 4  add a prefix for more than • 5  Identify the location . • Rules pg 721

  10. Example • Page 721

  11. Properties of alkanes • Alkanes can be • Table pg 722 • Natural gases have • Gasoline - • Waxes -

  12. Unsaturated hydrocarbons • Unsaturated hydrocarbons  compounds where a carbon atom • Alkanes are • Unsaturated hydrocarbons • Alkenes contain a • Examples:

  13. Alkene naming system • Pg 725 • 1  name the parent hydrocarbon using suffix –ene • 2  Add alkyl group names • 3  Number carbons in the parent hydrocarbon • 4  Insert position numbers of alkyl groups

  14. Example • Page 726

  15. Alkene properties • Ethene • Helps fruit and vegetable • This is why fruit is picked • Ethylene glycol • Used in radiators to remove • Summer  • Winter 

  16. Alkynes • Alkynes  Hydrocarbons that contain • Alkyne chains like alkene chains must contain • Alkynes have • Alkynes have

  17. Alkynes • Butane • Butene • Butyne

  18. Alkyne Naming • Alkynes are named the same as alkenes except that he suffix –yne is substituted for the –ene • Page 728

  19. Aromatics • Aromatic hydrocarbons contain • Benzene is the • Most aromatic smells are

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