In Text Citations

1. In Text Citations http://prtl.uhcl.edu

2. Why use citations • Any words or idea that is borrowed from a source should be accompanied by a signal phrase that references the source • This signal phrase alerts the reader that the information is from a source

3. How to use this in your paper • When introducing a quote, add information about the author that will explain the author’s expertise (Ex) Smith, president of the NSS, argues that “. . . .” (Ex) Jones claims according to his studies, “. . .”

4. Use for article titles as well • The same strategy can be used to characterize a publication: (Ex) The National Review, a publication well known for its conservative stance, states “…..”

5. There is more than 1 way to use in text citations - In the words of researcher George Scott, “. . .” ( page # ). - As George Scott has noted, “. . .” ( ). • The article “Teenage Curfew”, points out that “ . . .” ( ). • “ . . . ,” claims George Scott( ). - Scott answers these objections with the following analysis: “ . . .” ( ).

6. “Teenagers are less likely to disobey rules in a household with two parents” (Scott). “Teenagers are less likely to disobey rules in a household with two parents” (Scott 18). According to Scott “Teenagers are less likely to disobey rules in a household with two parents.”

7. Introduce it logically (How does it sound?) NOT In Smith’s essay, he says “ . . .” In Smith’s essay, it says “ . . . ”, or Smith’s essay states “. . . ”, Instead use In his essay, Smith states “. . . ”

8. Using different verbs to introduce a quote

9. Sample Works Cited Aiwohi 5 Works Cited Banks, Ron. “Bullying in Schools.” Expository Reading and Writing Course. Long Beach: The California State University, 2008. Print. “Understanding Bullying.” Expository Reading and Writing Course. Long Beach: The California State University, 2008. Print.

10. Examples of In-Text Citations According, to the article “Understanding Bullying” “Victims often turn their anger inward, which may lead to depression, anxiety, and even suicide” (123). Bullying has different effects on victims that could affect a person’s confidence and lead to suicidal thoughts.

11. Ron Banks has noted that “Bullying is comprised of direct behaviors such as teasing, taunting, threatening, hitting, and stealing that are initiated by one or more students against a victim” (118).

12. Use the following information to write a quote

13. Author: Colleen Newquist Thesis: Bullying has been proven to cause suicides amongst teens, therefore stricter consequences should be given to students who are found guilty of bullying. Supporting Detail: Bullying takes a heavy toll on victims. As many as 7% of eighth grade students in the United States stay home at least once a month because of bullies.

14. Source: Book Title: How to Handle a Bully Author: Kathiann Kowalski Publisher: The California State University Year: 2008 Pages: 131-133 City of Publication: Long Beach (use information by paraphrasing & using commentary) Detail: Physical assaults, vicious taunts, and exclusion from groups can-and have-led to depression and even suicide.