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Reaction paper to Gilgamesh due THIS FRIDAY, Jan. 21. Don’t forget to vote for Person of the Week!

Reaction paper to Gilgamesh due THIS FRIDAY, Jan. 21. Don’t forget to vote for Person of the Week!. HINDUISM AND ITS OFFSHOOTS IN POST-ARYAN-CONQUEST INDIA Hinduism changes as a result of contacts with pre-existing and new Indian belief systems.

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Reaction paper to Gilgamesh due THIS FRIDAY, Jan. 21. Don’t forget to vote for Person of the Week!

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  1. Reaction paper to Gilgamesh due THIS FRIDAY, Jan. 21. Don’t forget to vote for Person of the Week!

  2. HINDUISM AND ITS OFFSHOOTS IN • POST-ARYAN-CONQUEST INDIA • Hinduism changes as a result of contacts with pre-existing and • new Indian belief systems. • Later (post-Vedas) scriptures • A. UPANISHADS (800-450 B.C.E.) • (1) Introduced transmigration of souls • (= cycle of rebirth = SAMSARA) • (2) Probably composed by Brahmin priests after Aryans had • settled.

  3. B. BAGHAVAD-GITA (c. 400 B.C.E.): conversation between warrior Arjuna and god Krishna C. The battle is described in the MAHABHARATA (codified c. 350 B.C.E.), the epic of the rivalry of 2 related families.

  4. D. Divinities are all part of universal godhead; take different forms (notably human, but with many arms and/or heads) Indra Brahma Ganesh/ Ganesha Vishnu Shiva

  5. E. Cosmic trinity: Brahma (Creator) Shiva (destroyer) Vishnu (Preserver)

  6. F. Avatars / incarnations Krishna, avatar of Vishnu Ganesh/ Ganesha, “son” of Shiva

  7. G. Consorts Parvati, consort of Shiva Kali, avatar of Parvati

  8. (The late ex-Beatle George Harrison used to worship Kali.)

  9. III. Offshoots of Hinduism: Jainism A. Jain > jina (“conqueror”), after 24 jinas who conquered their KARMAs and escaped from SAMSARA. B. 24TH jina = Prince Mahavir (599-527 B.C.E.), “restorer” who overcame SAMSARA through meditation.

  10. C. Jain ideals: (1) AHIMSA (non-violence) (2) truthfulness (3) not stealing (4) celibacy (5) detachment from material world D. Jain monks: white-clad, “sky clad”

  11. IV. Offshoots of Hinduism: Buddhism • Prince Siddhartha Gautama (ca. 563-483 B.C.E.) - Kshatriya caste B. Bo tree C. NIRVANA – union of the soul with the universal void

  12. D. The Buddha’s preaching (1) The Middle Way (2) Four Noble Truths: • All life is suffering. • All suffering is caused by desire. • The way to stop suffering is to stop having desire. • The way to stop having desire is to follow the Eight-Fold Path. • (3) The Eight-Fold Path: • Right views • Right intentions • Right speech • Right action • Right livelihood • Right effort • Right thoughts • Right contemplation

  13. V. Because of Jain and Buddhist stress on AHIMSA, the horse sacrifice was abandoned in favor of... The “inner sacrifice” through YOGA

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