M89

1. M168 M130 M91 M96 M60 M201 M170 M304 M52 M89 NEXT

2. yDNA Haplogroup J

3. Haplogroup J (M304) arose somewhere in Mesopotamia between 15,000 and 10,000 years ago at the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution. As agriculture spread from the Middle East at the end of the Ice Age men of haplogroup J dispersed throughout North Africa and Mediterranean Europe. M304 NEXT

4. Haplogroup J (M304) arose somewhere in Mesopotamia between 15,000 and 10,000 years ago at the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution. As agriculture spread from the Middle East at the end of the Ice Age men of haplogroup J dispersed throughout North Africa and Mediterranean Europe. M304 Haplogroup J2 (M172) - Not long after the emergence of haplogroup J a closely related marker occurred on a man in the Near East giving rise to haplogroup J2 (M172). J2 men dispersed throughout the same area occupied by their J1 cousins. This haplogroup is considered to be a marker of Neolithic expansion and it is found in a large percentage of both Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jews, as well as non-Jewish men originating from the Levant. M172 NEXT

5. Robert Ireland Haplogroup J2 Richard Ukraine Ashkenazi Haplogroup J2 Robert and John can trace their historic ancestors to the British Isles and were surprised to learn that their deep paternal ancestors came to Europe originally from the Fertile Crescent after 7000 BC and the Agricultural Revolution. Darwin was born and raised in Ecuador and as far as his family knows they have lived there for many generations, if not hundreds of years. His J1 haplogroup, however, not only shows that his deep ancestry was in the Near East but that his specific genetic pattern is the Cohen signature, suggesting that his early forefathers may have been members of the Cohanim, the Jewish priestly caste, which descends from Aaron, the brother of Moses. Darwin now suspects that his family originally may have been Sephardic Jews in Spain that escaped to the New World as “conversos” sometime after the Inquisition. He is currently researching records in Ecuador and Spain in hope of finding documentation that fits the genetic evidence. Richard’s grandfather came to America at the turn of the 20th century to escape the pogroms then being conducted against Jews in Ukraine and Russia. Finding that he belongs to haplogroup J2 confirmed that his Ashkenazi ancestors in Eastern Europe had come originally from the Near East. Darwin Ecuador > Spain? Haplogroup J1 “Cohen” marker We have four men in the CSUEB sample from haplogroup J: John England Haplogroup J2 NEXT

6. M168 M130 M91 M96 M60 M201 M52 M89 M170 NEXT

7. yDNA Haplogroup I

8. About 25,000 years ago the M170 (haplogroup I) mutation occurred on the Y chromosome of a M89 man in the Near East. Some of his male descendants then entered Europe along a southern route to become the founders of the Upper Paleolithic Gravettian culture, the people famous for the so-called “Venus” figurines. M170 M89 25,000 BC NEXT

9. During the Last Glacial Maximum (18 - 14,000 BC) men of haplogroup I become genetically isolated in the Balkans. As the glaciers began to melt this population radiated to the north and west. Today, haplogroup I occurs in high frequencies in Scandinavia and the Balkans, with smaller numbers elsewhere. The northern variety of haplogroup I seems to have been common in Viking populations that conquered much of western Europe between AD 800 and 1000, and …. NEXT

10. Tom Norway Glenn Holland …the trail of these Viking genes may explain the prehistoric ancestry of several of the I-men in our CSUEB sample, whose historic European origins are known. Richard England Armando Spain NEXT

11. The End

12. A kiosk presentation prepared for the exhibition March 2 to June 15, 2007

13. For more information visit our web site: http://class.csueastbay.edu/anthropologymuseum