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Digital Text

Digital Text. Now you see it, Now you hear it. http://www.fdlrstech.com. Why Printed Text. Printed text offers consistency to a large audience. The same look, feel, and structure provides reliable dissemination.

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Digital Text

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  1. Digital Text Now you see it, Now you hear it. http://www.fdlrstech.com

  2. Why Printed Text • Printed text offers consistency to a large audience. The same look, feel, and structure provides reliable dissemination. • Printed text is difficult to adapt for special needs. Rather than accommodate all students, it excludes some students.

  3. Why Digital Text • Digital text separates content from structure and display. • Digital text can be “displayed” in various fonts and colors, as audio, as Braille, as icon enriched text, and as ASL. • Digital text can be tagged as; structural, semantic, and learning support elements.

  4. Print Disabilities • Many individuals struggle with a print disability. • People with a print disability cannot access information from printed text due to: • Visual disabilities • Physical disabilities • Cognitive/sensory disabilities • Language barriers

  5. Visual Disabilities • Accommodations include: • Large font • Flexible chunking • High contrast • Magnification • Audio output • Braille output • Tactile display • Tactile print

  6. Physical Disabilities • Accommodations include: • Adapted printing • Adapted books • Electronic books • Electronic worksheets/forms • Audio books • Internet

  7. Cognitive/Sensory Disabilities • Accommodations include: • Fonts • Background/foreground colors • Text-to-speech • Audio books • Icon enhanced text • Multimedia • Flexible/cognitive organizers • Cognitive rescaling • Flexible reading level

  8. Language Barriers • Accommodations include: • Graphic rich learning environments • Multimedia • Text-to-ASL • Text-to-speech • Language-to-language • Cognitive rescaling • Flexible/cognitive organizers

  9. Why Reading • In a text based society, the inability to read can result in: • An inability to manage complex and sophisticated information • A reduction in academic skill acquisition • A reduction in community/society integration • A reduction in quality of living

  10. What Reading Requires • Fluency: The ability to read text quickly, accurately, and with proper expression. • Rate • Accuracy • Prosody • National Reading Panel

  11. Rate • Automaticity: Quick, accurate, effortless recognition of letters and words. • Speed: Fluid pace in reading connected text.

  12. Rate “When we read too fast or too slowly, we understand nothing.” Pascal (1670)

  13. Accuracy • Correctly decoding unknown words • Recognizing high-frequency and familiar words

  14. Prosody • Making reading sound natural like spoken language • Using appropriate intonation • Using appropriate expression • Pausing appropriately at phrase boundaries • Provides cues for understanding information through expressive auditory chunking

  15. Vocabulary • 4th, 5th, and 6th graders encounter about 10,000 new words in print each year. • They may see these words only 10 times in the year. • It is very difficult to guess the identity of these words just from the context of the passage.

  16. Vocabulary • To continue to grow in fluency, children must add large numbers of words to their “sight vocabulary” each year. • To stay fluent in reading, children must be able to accurately decode new words when they first encounter them. • Any reading strategy that addresses fluency must address a high level of vocabulary acquisition.

  17. Florida Center for Reading Research FCRR study found a high correlation between oral reading fluency and FCAT performance: 91% of third grade students who attained an oral reading fluency score at or above 110 wpm attained a level 3 or above on FCAT. (Buck, J. & Torgeson, J. 2003)

  18. Text Difficulty • Independent Level: 95-100% accuracy.Can read text independently without assistance. • Instructional Level: 90-94% accuracy.Can read text with instructional assistance. • Frustration Level: Below 90% accuracy.Has great difficulty reading text even with assistance.

  19. Print Fluency vs. Grade Level

  20. Print vs. Auditory Fluency A student’s auditory fluency may be higher than print fluency. Auditory vocabulary acquisition will be higher than print vocabulary acquisition.

  21. Print vs. Auditory Fluency Ex. 1 8th grade student with low print and low auditory fluency due to cognitive disabilities. Probably on Alternate Assessment. Look at appropriate reading level materials, text to speech, graphic enhancements, multimedia.

  22. Print vs. Auditory Fluency Ex. 2 8th grade student with low print and high auditory fluency due to dyslexia. Taking the FCAT. Look at auditory based learning environments for core content, text to speech, graphic enhancements, auditory FCAT accommodations, and appropriate reading level material to bridge/scaffold reading intervention.

  23. Edyburn Handouts • Cognitive Rescaling • Microsoft WORD • Picture It • Reading Difficulties • Text modification strategies • Text modification resources • Learning from Text • Making text accessible • By-passing reading (auditory based tools) • Download at www.fdlrstech.com/trainings.htm

  24. Flexible Structure • Microsoft WORD - Autosummarize Tool • DraftBuilder - www.donjohnston.com • OmniOutliner - www.omnigroup.com • Inspiration & Kidspiration from www.inspiration.com

  25. Flexible Display - Print • Microsoft Publisher • Microsoft PowerPoint • Scholastic Keys - www.tomsnyder.com • Stationary Studio - www.fablevision.com • StartWrite - www.startwrite.com/ • PrintShop Deluxe DVD

  26. Flexible Display - Electronic • Adjust fonts, background colors, foreground colors • Most talking word processors (Readplease, eReader, WriteOutLoud, IntelliTalk, etc.) • Most text scanning programs (Kurzweil, WYNN, etc.) • Computer based writing tools. • Internet (browser color adjustments, CSS, etc.)

  27. Icon Enhanced Display • Picture It - www.slatersoftware.com • Writing with Symbols - www.widgit.com/ • Clicker 4 - www.cricksoft.com/us/ • Inspiration & Kidspiration - www.inspiration.com

  28. Language to Language • Easy Translator 4 - www.transparent.com/ • Systran - www.systransoft.com/ • Babel Fish - http://babelfish.altavista.com/

  29. Text-to-Sign Language • ASL Online Dictionary - http://commtechlab.msu.edu/sites/aslweb/browser.htm • Signing Web Browser - www.aasdweb.com/mysignlink/ • Online Sign Translator - http://aasdweb.com/MySignBookLink/ • iCommunicator - www.myicommunicator.com • SignTel Interpreter - www.signtelinc.com • Sign Smith Studio - www.vcom3d.com • Deafness & ESE Resources - www.fsdb.k12.fl.us/rmc/content/deafindex.html

  30. Text-to-Speech • Kurzweil 3000 - www.kurzweiledu.com/k3000demo/ • WYNN & Test Talker - www.freedomscientific.com/LSG/products/wynn.asp • Accessibility Suite - www.premier-programming.com/suite/accessiblity_suite.htm • SOLO - www.donjohnston.com • Classroom Suite - www.intellitools.com • Scholastic Keys - www.tomsnyder.com • ReadPlease - www.readplease.com

  31. Screen Readers • JAWS - www.freedomscientific.com • Read&Write Gold - www.texthelp.com • Universal Reader - www.premier-programming.com

  32. Text-to-Audio • TextAloud - www.textaloud.com • Kurzweil 3000 - www.kurzweiledu.com • ListenLater - http://www.lajdesignsw.com/listenlater.html • Text to Audio - www.premier-programming.com • ReadingBar - www.readplease.com

  33. Talking Web Browsers • ReadingBar - www.readplease.com • eReader - www.cast.org • Kurzweil 3000 - www.kurzweiledu.com • WYNN - www.freedomscientific.com • SOLO - www.donjohnston.com • Survey Monkey - www.surveymonkey.com • Questia - www.questia.com • Cool Science - www.hhmi.org/coolscience/ • Library Services for Children - www.ala.org/ala/alsc/alscresources/forchildren/childrenfamilies.htm

  34. Daisy Book Readers • Victorsoft - www.kurzweiledu.com • Gh Player - www.ghbraille.com/playerdownload.html • eReader - www.cast.com • AMIS Player - www.amisproject.org/ • easEreader - www.dolphinuk.co.uk/audio/products/EaseReader/index.htm • eClipseReader - www.eclipsereader.com/ • Kurzweil 3000 - www.kurzweiledu.com • SOLO - www.donjohnston.com

  35. Daisy Book Writers • eClipseWriter - www.irti.net • easEpublisher - www.dolphinuk.co.uk/audio/products/EasePublisher/index.htm • The City Garden - www.cast.org/udl/index.cfm?i=211&option=Demo#citygarden

  36. Making Audio Books • Make a Book & Make a Book Audio – Powerpoint templates - www.fdlrstech.org/handouts.htm • Scholastic Keys - www.tomsnyder.com • How to Create Talking Books in PowerPoint - www.ace-centre.org.uk/html/publications/publicat.html • Talking Book How-to Kit - www.nwt.literacy.ca/famlit/howtokit/talking/cover.htm

  37. Digital Text Now you see it, Now you hear it. http://www.fdlrstech.com

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