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EFFECT OF BIOMASS TYPE ON HYDROGEN AND METHANE PRODUCTION VIA SUPERCRITICAL WATER GASIFICATION

2. TUBITAK-(Project No: MAG-106T748). 3. Contents. Biomass and EnergySub- and Super-critical WaterExperimental StudiesConclusionReferences. 4. Biomass and Energy. 5. Lignocellulosic Biomass. Soluable in organic solvents or partially soluable in water: Resin, wax, oil, terpen, tannen,protein .

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EFFECT OF BIOMASS TYPE ON HYDROGEN AND METHANE PRODUCTION VIA SUPERCRITICAL WATER GASIFICATION

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    1. EFFECT OF BIOMASS TYPE ON HYDROGEN AND METHANE PRODUCTION VIA SUPERCRITICAL WATER GASIFICATION Tülay GÜNGÖREN Ege University Chemical Engineering Department Izmir, Turkey

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    3. 3 Contents Biomass and Energy Sub- and Super-critical Water Experimental Studies Conclusion References

    4. 4 Biomass and Energy

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    7. 7 Important advantages of SCWG It is appropriate for production of both H2 and CH4, Pre-drying of biomass materials are not necessary, It is operated at lower temperatures, Smaller reactor volumes are required because of high reaction rate, CO formation is very low, thus reforming process is not required, Formation of tar and coke is relatively low

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    9. 9 Sub- and Super-Critical Water

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    14. 14 Experimental Studies

    15. 15 Aim Investigation of SCWG of lignocellulosic wet biomass to reach maximum conversion of organic carbon to gaseous products consisting of maximum amount of H2 and/or CH4. Effects of some parameters (temperature, pressure, sample/water ratio, reaction time and catalysts) also will be examined. Relationship between the formation of gaseous products (H2 and CH4) and aqueous products (phenols, furfurals, aldehydes, carboxylic acids and alcohols) will be highlighted.

    16. 16 Material: Agricultural residues (fiberous types like tobacco, cotton, sunflower and corn stalks), vegetable residues (cabbage, leek and cauliflower) and hard crustaceous lignocellulosic type (hazelnut, walnut, almond and valonia oak) as original biomasses. Catalysts: K2CO3or KOH

    17. 17 Experimental Studies

    18. 18 Characterization of Samples Moisture Analysis Ash Analysis Van Soest Analysis Cellulose Lignin Hemicellulose

    19. 19 Moisture Analysis Biomass samples were dried in an oven at 105°C (ASTM D-1348-94 (2003)).

    20. 20 Moisture and Ash Contents of Biomasses

    21. 21 Van Soest Analysis NDF: Total amount of Cellulose, Lignin and Hemicellulose ADF: Total amount of Cellulose and Lignin ADL: Amount of Lignin

    22. 22 Cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content of biomass samples

    23. 23 Method: SCWG (Supercritical Water Gasification)

    24. 24 Method: SCWG (Supercritical Water Gasification)

    25. 25 Schematic View of SCWG System

    26. 26 Equipments Used for Analysis of SCWG Products

    27. 27 Technical features and operating conditions of capillary gas chromatography

    28. 28 Technical features and operating conditions of HPLC

    29. 29 Variation of major gaseous products with temperature in SCWG of sunflower stalk in the absence of catalyst

    30. 30 Variation of major gaseous products with temperature in SCWG of sunflower stalk in the presence of catalyst (K2CO3)

    31. 31 Distribution of major gaseous products in SCWG of sunflower stalk at 500°C

    32. 32 Variation of major gaseous products with temperature in SCWG of hazelnut shell in the absence of catalyst

    33. 33 Variation of major gaseous products with temperature in SCWG of hazelnut shell in the presence of catalyst (K2CO3)

    34. 34 Change in TOC (ppm) of sunflower stalk’s liquid products with temperature in the absence and presence of catalyst

    35. 35 Change in phenol concentration (ppm) of sunflower stalk’s liquid products with temperature in the absence and presence of catalyst

    36. 36 Conclusion Major constituent of the gaseous products was CO2, H2, CH4. It is found that, H2 yield increased nearly 25% when K2CO3 used as catalyst. When the hazelnut shell was selected as biomass sample, mol of produced gases (CO2, H2 and CH4) per kg of hazelnut shell was found higher for all temperature values compared with sunflower stalk results. TOC of liquid products found slightly higher when K2CO3 was used as catalyst. Phenol concentration of liquid products of sunflower stalk slightly incraeses with increasing temperature in the absence and presence of catalyst. Phenol concentration was found slightly lower when K2CO3 was used as catalyst in SCWG.

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    39. 39 References H.K. Goering and P.J. Van Soest, Forage fiber analysis. Agriculture Handbook No: 379. Washington D.C., 1970, 829-835. R. Sieber, der Zellstoff- und Paper-Industrie, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1951. J.X. Sun, X.F. Sun, H.Zhao, R.C. Sun, Isolation and characterisation of cellulose from sugarcane bagasse, Polymer Degradation and Stability, 84, 2004, 331-334. Ulrich G.A., A Guide to Chemical Engineering Process Design and Economics, Wiley, New York, 1984. S.F. Chen, R.A. Mowery, V.A. Castleberry, G.P. Walsum, C.K. Chambliss, High-performance liquid chromatography method for simultaneous determination of aliphatic acid, aromatic acid and neutral degradation products in biomass pretreatment hydrolysates, Journal of Chromatography A, 1104, 2006, 54-61.

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