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ETHICAL DECISION MAKING

ETHICAL DECISION MAKING. MODEL I. INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS. That’s cheating! No it’s not! That’s wrong! No, it’s fine! It’s just part of the game!.

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ETHICAL DECISION MAKING

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  1. ETHICAL DECISION MAKING MODEL I

  2. INTRODUCTION TO ETHICS • That’s cheating! No it’s not! • That’s wrong! No, it’s fine! • It’s just part of the game!

  3. “Frequently there is no critical examination nor probing of the set of beliefs, the actual basis for rendering moral judgment, used by the person making such comments. In part this is due to the paucity of attention paid to the study of ethics, generally, and to sport ethics, particularly, at all levels of schooling:

  4. COURSE OBJECTIVES • ENCOURAGE, INSPIRE, MOTIVATE YOU TO THINK ABOUT ETHICAL DECISIONS YOU MAKE. • PROVIDE A SYSTEMATIC WAY OF MAKING ETHICAL DECISIONS. • “THE MODEL” (MODEL 1)

  5. DEFINITIONS • ETHICS – a sub-discipline of philosophy concerned with issues of right and wrong in human conduct. It is concerned with good and bad; what is authentic and not authentic; and with the notions of duty, obligation, and moral responsibility. • VALUES – Individual beliefs which motivate and guide behavior.

  6. NORMS – Group or societal standards or generally held criteria for acceptable conduct. • ETHICS – Objective basis upon which judgments are rendered regarding right or wrong behavior.

  7. MORALS – Actions, behavior, and the principles that guide them. • OFTEN USED AS SYNONYM FOR ETHICS.

  8. ETHICAL BASES/THEORIES • DEONTOLOGY • TELEOLOGY • EXISTENSIALISM

  9. DEONTOLOGICAL • Rule-based approach, focusing on obligation and duty, similar to the orientation found in the Bible. Since attention is directed to the act itself, this approach is non-consequentialist. • FOCUS: WHAT IS RIGHT

  10. DEONTOLOGICAL • RULE-BASED • OBLIGATION OR DUTY • ATTENTION DIRECTED TO ACT ITSELF • FOCUS: WHAT IS RIGHT.

  11. TELEOLOGICAL • An approach that focuses on the consequences of the action, one that conceives of ethics as concerned with measuring the amount of goodness, or badness, arising from behavior. Attention is directed towards assessing the consequences of a particular action rather than examining the act itself. • FOCUS: WHAT IS GOOD

  12. TELEOLOGICAL • CONSEQUENCES • MEASURES AMOUNT OF GOOD OR BAD ARRISING FROM BEHAVIOR • FOCUS: WHAT IS GOOD

  13. DISCUSSION • THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN DEONTOLOGICAL AND TELEOLOGICAL • SPOCK VS. KIRK

  14. DISCUSS EMBRYONIC STEM CELL RESEARCH. • “We cannot allow the theology of a few to prevent the progress of the many”

  15. EXISTENTIAL • Attention is directed squarely on the individual. Concepts such as authenticity, which refers to how true the person is to himself or herself, integrity, and genuine-ness are factors that must be considered in judging each individual act at that particular time within the context of the unique circumstances prevailing. • FOCUS: WHAT IS AUTHENTIC

  16. EXISTENTIALISM • ATTENTION ON INDIVIDUAL • INTEGRITY • TRUE TO SELF • CONSISTENT • AUTHENTIC • FOCUS: WHAT IS AUTHENTIC

  17. EXAMPLES OF EXISTENTIALISM • DISCUSS USA OLYMPIC HOCKEY PLAYERS TRASHING DORM ROOMS. • DISCUSS VITO CORLEONE • “PIRATES CODE” • CONSISTENT UMPIRES

  18. THE 5 STEP MODEL • PROCESS IS WHAT IS IMPORTANT • CONCLUSIONS MAY BE DIFFERENT

  19. MODEL I • 1. OBTAIN AND CLARIFY ALL THE PERTINENT FACTS OF THE CASE OR INCIDENT. • 2. IDENTIFY AND ENUNCIATE THE ETHICAL MAXIM(S) TO BE USED. • 3. TIME • 4. IDENTIFY AND DISCUSS EXTENUATING CIRCUMSTANCES • 5. RENDER JUDGMENT.

  20. STEP 1: GATHERING INFORMATION • PERTINENT FACTS • EVERYONE ON SAME PAGE – OFTEN SOURCE OF CONFUSION

  21. STEP 2: ETHICAL MAXIM • CAN USE: • DEONTOLOGY – ARE THERE ANY RULES? UNDERSTOOD RULES? • TELEOLOGY – WHAT ARE BENEFITS? WHAT ARE NEGATIVES? • EXISTENSIALISM – WAS BEHAVIOR CONSISTENT, AUTHENTIC? • More than one ethical maxim can be found to serve as the moral yardstick against which we can measure behavior. Invoking more than one ethical maxim promotes a wider-ranging moral discourse.

  22. STEP 3: TIME • HELPS COMPLETE STEP ONE • PRIOR • MOTIVATION • INTENTION • (MURDER V. MANSLAUGHTER) • DURING • ESTABLISHED RULES • UNWRITTEN RULES • (THROWING AT THE BATTER) • AFTER • CONSEQUENCES • (NO HARM NO FOUL)

  23. STEP 4: SPECIAL EXTENUATING CIRCUMSTANCES COMPLETES STEP ONE • Les Miserables • Everest Climbers • New Orleans nurses post Katrina – euthanize severe cases

  24. STEP 5: RENDER JUDGMENT • CAN BE DIFFERENT DEPENDING ON ETHICAL BASE • NOT ALWAYS BLACK AND WHITE, OFTEN GRAY • REASONS HELP SUPPORT JUDGMENT • AT LEAST PROCESS IS USED

  25. PRACTICE • THE CASE OF LISA LESLIE • (CASE 8.7)

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