Pakistan Floods July-August 2010

1. Just-in-Time Lecture www.pitt.edu/~super/ • Pakistan Floods • July-August 2010

2. Mission Statement • Pakistan • The Global Disaster Health Network • is designed to translate the best • possible scholarly information to • educators worldwide.

3. Pakistan What is the Disaster Supercourse? What is a JIT lecture? http://www.pitt.edu/~super1

4. Lecture Highlights • Pakistan • What is a flood? • Pakistan country • Pakistan health statistics before the flood • Impacts of Pakistan floods 2010 • Causes of Pakistan floods 2010 • Response to Pakistan floods 2010 • Health needs of the floods affected communities • How to protect ourselves from floods? • Disaster risk reduction

5. Pakistan Country • Pakistan Source: http://geology.com/world/pakistan-satellite-image.shtml

6. Pakistan Country • Pakistan • Population (2010): 170,294,000 • Density: 211.8/ Km2 • GDP (PPP) (2010): • Total: $451.972 billion • Per capita: $2,731 • GDP (nominal): • Total: $177,901 billion • Per capita: $1,067 • Gini (2005): 31.2 (Medium) • HDI (2007): 0.572 (Medium) • Currency: Pakistani Rupee (Rs.) • Capital: Islamabad • Largest city: Karachi • Official language(s): Urdu and English • Regional languages: Punjabi, Pashto, Sindhi, Seraiki and Balochi • Demony:mPakistani • Government: Federal Parlimentary Republic • Total area: 803,940 Km2 (36th world largest country) Source: Wikipedia

7. Pakistan Health Statistics • Pakistan Source: World Health Statistics 2008 (Figures are for 2006 unless indicated)

8. Floods • Pakistan A flood is a temporary covering by water of land not normally covered by water Some floods develop slowly, some flood s happen during a very short time Floods are one of the most common hazards in the world Floods trend and their intensity are increasing due to climate change worldwide.

9. Flash Floods • Pakistan Flash floods can develop quickly, sometimes in just a few minutes and without any visible signs of rain The flash floods’ lead time in some part of the US is as short as 60 seconds and in west part of Golestan province, Iran, as 15 minutes Is the most killer type of floods

10. Floods can occurs: • Pakistan Outside a river or stream, when a levee is breached When a dam breaks In rivers, when flow exceeds the capacity of the river channel Damage to homes and businesses if they are placed in flood plains of rivers

11. Human Beings are at increasing risk of floods! • Pakistan Human being likes to live next to water! No matter how the areas are threatened by floods! Of course, the human being has the experience to mitigate the risk of floods in many areas. But most parts of the world do not know about these experiences or do not have enough capacity to use them!

12. Floods Adverse Effects • Pakistan Primary effects Physical damage - Can damage any type of structure, including bridges, cars, buildings, sewer systems, roadways and canals Casualties - People and livestock die due to drowning. It can also lead to epidemics and waterborne diseases. Secondary effects Water supplies – Contamination of waters Diseases - Unhygienic conditions and spread of water-borne disease Crops and food supplies - Shortage of food crops can be caused due to loss of entire harvest. Trees - Non-tolerant species can die from suffocation. Tertiary/long-term effects Economic - Economic hardship, due to: temporary decline in tourism, rebuilding costs, food shortage leading to price increase ,etc.

13. World’s Deadliest Floods • Pakistan

14. Flood Damages to Pakistan, July-August 2010, by Affected Provinces • Pakistan KPK: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa AJ&K: Azad Jammu and Kashmir Source: Pakistan National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). http://ndma.gov.pk/flood-2010.html

15. Comparison of Pakistan 2010 Floods Damages with other Major Disasters • Pakistan *Based on initial assessments Source: Pakistan National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA). http://ndma.gov.pk/Documents/flood_2010/flood_comparison.pdf

16. Map of Flood Affected Area in Pakistan • Pakistan

17. 2010 Extreme Weather Events around the World ! • Pakistan Heat wave and wildfires in the Russian Federation Monsoonal flooding in Pakistan Rain-induced landslides in China Calving of a large iceberg from the Greenland ice sheet Droughts and fires in Australia High-temperature days in the eastern the US Source: WMO. http://www.wmo.int/pages/mediacentre/news/extremeweathersequence_en.html

18. Pakistan Floods 2010: Is it related to Climate Change? • Pakistan Aggravated the Monsoon activity by the la Niña phenomenon in the Pacific Ocean, according to World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Scientific projections show the association between intense extreme weather events and global warming, however, longer time investigations required to establish whether an individual event is attributable to climate change! Until the science finds absolute relationship, in the meanwhile, however, we can protect the globe from carbon-emitting industries! Source: WMO. http://www.wmo.int/pages/mediacentre/news/extremeweathersequence_en.html

19. El Niño/La Niña-Southern Oscillation, or ENSO • Pakistan A climate pattern that occurs across the tropical Pacific Ocean on average every 5 years (ranged 3 to 7 years) Characterized by temperature variations of the surface of the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean: Warming phase: El Niño, accompanies high air surface pressure in the west Pacific Cooling phase: La Niña, accompanies low air surface pressure in the west Pacific. Sources: UN/ ISDR, Living with Risk, Geneva, 2004 Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_nina

20. Pakistan Floods Forecasting • Pakistan You can follow the floods treat in Pakistan through Pakistan Meteorology Organization at: http://www.pakmet.com.pk/FFD/index_files/fbc.htm GIS maps of floods affected areas can be found at: http://www.pakmet.com.pk/FloodMap/Floodwar/floodwar-01.html

21. Response to Pakistan Floods • Pakistan National and international communities has launched the immediate response to the affected people in Pakistan However, there are difficulties during disaster responses: Millions are in need Inaccessible or hard to reach areas, as the roads are destructed and lands are submerged by floods water Political relationship affects providing or accepting the relief aids Donors are concerned whether the funds will reach Taliban instead flood victims Security issues Unexploded mines

22. Health Cluster: the Coordination Mechanism on the Ground • Pakistan Disasters brings many players to the field. To maximize the coordination, health partners need to work to jointly assess and analyse information, prioritize the interventions, build an evidence-based strategy and action plan, monitor the health situation and the health sector response, adapt/re-plan as necessary, mobilize resources and advocate for humanitarian health action. WHO is the leading agency and coordinates the Health Cluster. Read more about Health Cluster at: http://www.who.int/hac/global_health_cluster/about/en/index.html

23. Pakistan Health Needs: • Pakistan Safe drinking water Appropriate food Doctors & nurses Medicine Disease surveillance system Reproductive health Mental health support Be alert for the water-borne outbreaks Please see the Health Cluster report at: http://www.who.int/hac/crises/pak/sitreps/16august2010/en/index.html

24. Timely and accurate information: A crucial priority for effective response! • Pakistan Coordination requires information Do not stop providing the assistance until you get precise information! Conduct your assessments and ensure they are followed by an established information system Avoid individual assessment , make it efficient by joining the Health Cluster Public health surveillance can be the basic information system, not only to help the Health Cluster, but also the other relief provides

25. The most Vulnerable Victims • Pakistan Ensure all assessments and response efforts take into consideration the needs of: Women at child bearing age Pregnant women Children Elderly Disables

26. Recovery toward Sustainable Development • Pakistan The disaster managers need to plan for the long term needs and quality of life of the affected people The plan for recovery phase should be launched now!

27. How can we protect ourselves from a flood? • Pakistan Flood can occur no matter where you live, but especially low-lying areas and the area near water or downstream from a dam are the highest risk. Please see the next slides for FEMA guideline on protection from floods! Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm

28. Before a Flood • Pakistan Avoid building in a flood prone area unless you elevate and reinforce your home. Elevate the furnace, water heater, and electric panel if susceptible to flooding. Install "check valves" in sewer traps to prevent floodwater from backing up into the drains of your home. Contact community officials to find out if they are planning to construct barriers (levees, beams, floodwalls) to stop floodwater from entering the homes in your area. Seal the walls in your basement with waterproofing compounds to avoid seepage. Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm

29. During a Flood (1) • Pakistan If a flood is likely in your area, you should: Listen to the radio or television for information. Be aware that flash flooding can occur. If there is any possibility of a flash flood, move immediately to higher ground. Do not wait for instructions to move. Be aware of streams, drainage channels, canyons, and other areas known to flood suddenly. Flash floods can occur in these areas with or without such typical warnings as rain clouds or heavy rain. If you must prepare to evacuate, you should do the following: Secure your home. If you have time, bring in outdoor furniture. Move essential items to an upper floor. Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm

30. During a Flood (2) • Pakistan Turn off utilities at the main switches or valves if instructed to do so. Disconnect electrical appliances. Do not touch electrical equipment if you are wet or standing in water. If you have to leave your home, remember these evacuation tips: Do not walk through moving water. Six inches of moving water can make you fall. If you have to walk in water, walk where the water is not moving. Use a stick to check the firmness of the ground in front of you. Do not drive into flooded areas. If floodwaters rise around your car, abandon the car and move to higher ground if you can do so safely. You and the vehicle can be quickly swept away. Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm

31. Driving Flood Facts • Pakistan Six inches of water will reach the bottom of most passenger cars causing loss of control and possible stalling. A foot of water will float many vehicles. Two feet of rushing water can carry away most vehicles including sport utility vehicles (SUV’s) and pick-ups. Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm

32. After a Flood • Pakistan Listen for news reports to learn whether the community’s water supply is safe to drink. Avoid floodwaters; water may be contaminated by oil, gasoline, or raw sewage. Water may also be electrically charged from underground or downed power lines. Avoid moving water. Be aware of areas where floodwaters have receded. Roads may have weakened and could collapse under the weight of a car. Stay away from downed power lines, and report them to the power company. Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm

33. After a Flood • Pakistan Return home only when authorities indicate it is safe. Stay out of any building if it is surrounded by floodwaters. Use extreme caution when entering buildings; there may be hidden damage, particularly in foundations. Service damaged septic tanks, cesspools, pits, and leaching systems as soon as possible. Damaged sewage systems are serious health hazards. Clean and disinfect everything that got wet. Mud left from floodwater can contain sewage and chemicals. Source: FEMA. http://www.fema.gov/hazard/flood/index.shtm

34. What is a Disaster? A disaster is a function of the risk process. It results from the combination of hazards, conditions of vulnerability and insufficient capacity or measures to reduce the potential negative consequences of risk. What is a Disaster? Source: UN/ISDR

35. A potentially damaging physical event, phenomenon or human activity that may cause the loss of life or injury, property damage, social and economic disruption or environmental degradation. Hazard Source: UN/ISDR

36. What is the Vulnerability? The conditions determined by physical, social, economic, and environmentalfactors or processes, which increase the susceptibility of a community to the impact of hazards. Pakistan vulnerability to flood hazard Vulnerability Source: UN/ISDR

37. Risk The probability of harmful consequences, or expected losses (deaths, injuries, property, livelihoods, economic activity disrupted or environment damaged) resulting from interactions between natural or human-induced hazards & vulnerable conditions. Risk = Hazards x Vulnerability/Readiness Source: UN/ISDR

38. 30 years continuous evolution in the practice of Crisis or Disaster Management Civil defense Emergency assistance Disaster response and relief Humanitarian assistance Emergency management Civil protection Disaster mitigation and prevention Disaster Risk Management Decades of Experience Strategic shift from managing a disastrous event to more preventive and proactive approaches!! Source: UN/ISDR

39. Disaster Risk Reduction The conceptual framework of elements considered with the possibilities to minimize vulnerabilities and disaster risks throughout a society, to avoid (prevention) or to limit (mitigation and preparedness) the adverse impacts of hazards, within the broad context of sustainable development ! Source: UN/ISDR

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