Chapter 20 IKE, JFK & LBJ

1. Chapter 20 IKE, JFK & LBJ

2. Old Soldiers Just Fade Away Ike Round 2 1956-1960 Wins 457-73 Versus Stevenson But the Republicans LOST BOTH HOUSES

3. Ike Legislation • Anti-labor • Worried about growth of military spending • Eisenhower Doctrine used in Middle East to stop Communism, but then • Cuba Falls • Vietnam question arises • Good Neighbor Policy = Marshall Plan for S. America. • Can’t run again b/c of 22nd Amendment

4. JFK Roman Catholic 14 years in Congress Young Articulate Did well in Solid South and Urban areas Blacks now vote Democrat LBJ and Daley voted dead people to win Texas and Illinois Nixon Ike didn’t like his own VP VP Kitchen Debates against Commie leader Khrushchev Tough on commies Did well in West JFK challenges Nixon1960 Out of 68 Million votes JFK won by only 118,574

5. KENNEDY WINS CLOSE ELECTION

6. THE KENNEDY MYSTIQUE • The first family fascinated the American public • For example, after learning that JFK could read 1,600 words a minute, thousands enrolled in speed-reading courses • Jackie, too, captivated the nation with her eye for fashion and culture

7. Marilyn Monroe • Marilyn Manson • Charles Manson

8. Peace Progress Prosperity Population Boom Protest Prosperity 1960’s 1950’s In reality the Picture on the left, is a 60's picture also.

9. The “decades” • 1945 – 1965 = “the 50’s” (Conformity?) • 1965 – 1973 = “the 60’s” (Counter-Culture?) • 1974 – 1990 = “the 80’s” (Yippies to Yuppies) • 1991 - ????

10. Positives ATTEMPTS!!! Best and Brightest in Cabinet McNamara quit as CEO of Ford to be Sec. of Defense Bobby Kennedy was Attorney general NASA Trade Expansion Act cut tariffs by 50% Alliance For Progress: L.A. Marshall Plan Limited Test Ban Treaty: stop testing Nukes in atmosphere BOBBY sends Marshalls to protect Freedom Riders. Peace Corps Negatives Caved in to Dixiecrats Faced crippling inflation rates Slashed taxes Berlin Wall went up “Proxy” Wars in: Laos Congo Vietnam (advisors) “Flexible Response” = Special Forces like the Green Berets Massive Increase in military spending Bay of Pigs Cuban Missile Crisis JFK— Camelot – New Frontier??

11. Bay of Pigs • Designed by Ike’s people • Cuban refugees in US would attack Cuba • US would support them by air • Cuban peasants would arise, overthrow Fidel and welcome US return to power • Everything goes wrong • JFK does NOT support rebels • Rebels captured and rat out US involvement

12. Cuban Missile Crisis

15. No doubt what these are

16. You Decide: A. Bomb the silos B. Ignore it C. Quarantine Cuba

18. UN asks US and USSR to meet under a cease fire • Khrushchev says Yes • We say not until missiles are gone from Cuba

20. But now What • Missiles still in Cuba • If Khrushchev backs down—he is at best merely fired • What to offer for no missiles in Cuba? • Promise to NEVER attack Cuba • Threaten Nuclear Armageddon. • Give up US Jupiter ICBMs in Turkey?? • Recognition of Cuba • Recognition of Communist China What will it take?

22. Main Results • Worry about crisis mentality • Hot Line Installed • Limited test Ban Treaty

23. CRISIS OVER BERLIN • In 1961, Berlin, Germany was a city in great turmoil • In the 11 years since the Berlin Airlift, almost 3 million East Germans (Soviet side) had fled into West Berlin (U.S. controlled) to flee communist rule

25. The Berlin Wall 1961 Ich Bin Ein Berliner 1987

26. JFK’s New Frontier • 20% increase in military spending • Increased minimum wage • Aid to failing urban ghettos • Peace Corps • Alliance for Progress (Latin American aid in repayment for supporting US during the Cuban Missile Crisis?) • NO CIVIL RIGHTS legislation!!!!! • NASA: “To the moon.” Or was it for this…

27. 2,000 nuclear warheads = destroy 1/3 of the world’s population 1946 – 9 1950 – 400 1956 – 2,207 1960 – 3,471 1970 – 7,176 1980 – 18,088 1988 – 23,444

28. Nov. 22 1963 JFK Assassinated

29. LEE HARVEY OSWALD CHARGED; SHOT TO DEATH • A 24-year-old Marine with a suspicious past left a palm print on the rifle used to kill JFK • He was charged and as a national television audience watched his transfer from one jail to another, nightclub owner Jack Ruby broke through the crowd and shot Oswald to death Jack Ruby, right, shoots Oswald, center, to death 11/24/63

30. JFK LAID TO REST • All work stopped for Kennedy’s funeral as America mourned its fallen leader • The assassination and the televised funeral became historic events • Controversy over the Warren Court verdict still abound Three-year old John Kennedy Jr. salutes his father’s coffin during the funeral

31. LBJ Great Society “War on Poverty” Community Action Program Civil Rights Act 1964 Title IX of CRA Equal Opportunity Act EEOC Job Corps VISTA Head Start Expanded Soc. Sec. Medicaid Medicare HUD 24th amendment CORE Barry Goldwater “In your Heart You Know he’s Right” “In you Guts you know he’s Nuts” LBJ 1964 Election DAISY AD KKK Ad

32. LBJ easily defeats Goldwater in ‘64

34. Volunteers In Service To America

36. SUPREME COURT REFORMS SOCIETY, TOO • Reform and change were not limited to the Executive and Legislative branches • The Judicial Branch led by the Supreme Court and Chief Justice Earl Warren did much to protect individual rights Warren

37. WARREN COURT AND SUSPECT’S RIGHTS • In Mapp v. Ohio (1961) the Supreme Court ruled that illegally seized evidence could not be used in court • In Escobedo v. Illinois the court ruled that the accused has the right to have an attorney present when questioned by police • In Miranda v. Arizona the court ruled that all suspects must be read their rights before questioning

38. IMPACT OF GREAT SOCIETY • The Great Society and the Warren Court changed the United States • No president in Post-WWII era extended the power and reach of the federal government more than LBJ • The War on Poverty helped, the Civil Rights initiative made a difference and the massive tax cuts spurred the economy

39. Did LBJ do more than FDRE and Teddy put together?