JAN, 1861

1. JAN, 1861 Economic Seizure of Federal Forts and Arsenals NORTH – Change of attitude – seizures and Star of the West SOUTH – Shift to secession – Star of the West and Anderson’s move to Sumter Social 3 9 10 11 19 26 DE not MS FL AL GA LA Secede St of West Political 12 27 29 Seward Seward KS Conciliation Speech Unionist admitted Ltr

2. JAN 9, 1861 – Star of the West & The Citadel Cadets From Harper’s Weekly, JAN 26, 1861

3. Citadel cadets firing on the Star of the West Jan 9, 1861

4. Big Red Now on display at The Citadel, Charleston

5. William Stewart Simkins As a Citadel Cadet, 1861 U of TX law professor, 1899-1929

6. University of Texas Board Rechristens Dorm Named After Klan Organizer AUSTIN, Texas (July 15, 2010, Associated Press) -- A University of Texas residence hall named after a Ku Klux Klan organizer is getting a new identity. The school's Board of Regents unanimously decided today that Simkins Residence Hall -- named for William Stewart Simkins, who taught at the School of Law for 30 years -- will instead be called Creekside Residence Hall.

7. Secession in the Gulf States DEC 20, 1860 – South Carolina JAN 9, 1861 – Mississippi JAN 10, 1861 – Florida JAN 11, 1861 – Alabama JAN 19, 1861 – Georgia JAN 26, 1861 – Louisiana FEB 23, 1861 – Texas

8. Alabama Secession January 11, 1861 61 X 39 Yea Nay Republic of Winston 1st AL Cavalry USV

9. Secession in Georgia – January 19, 1861 Howell Cobb Alexander Stephens 167 X 129 Yea Nay -“Razor-thin vote possibly manipulated by Gov Joe Brown - Mountain counties along TN border threatened to secede. - Counties along FL border become hideouts for deserters.

10. FEB, 1861 Economic Seizure of Federal Forts and Arsenals NORTH – Waits. Attitudes toward def of Fed property harden. SOUTH – Attitudes on secession harden listening to Republicans Social 1 11 15 18 22 23 Lincoln Lvs Lee Conf Lincoln TX Position Sprngfld Recalled Inaug Baltimore Lincoln Speech in DC Political 1 11 27 Border St Non-inter VA Peace Conventions Guarantee Conference Adjourns

11. Confederate Inauguration FEB 18, 1861 Jefferson Davis Alexander Stephens

12. The Bonny Blue Flag The Stars and Bars

13. Lincoln vs Seward “I can’t let Seward take the first trick.” A Lincoln

14. MAR, 1861 Economic 1 21 Confederate Tariff Morrill Tariff NORTH – Lincoln realizes South is serious. SOUTH – Wait and see. Social 1 5 11 19 28 Cab Mtg Reinf Confed Fox to Fox Forts Const Chas rtns Political 2 4 6 8 27 28 29 Seward 36 th Douglas Conf Rept on Scott Reprov Ultimat Cong defends Comm Unanimity Evac Sumter Corwin Lincoln

15. Lincoln’s Inauguration MAR 4, 1861

16. “I have no purpose, directly or indirectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the states where it exists. I believe I have no lawful right to do so, and I have no inclination to do so.” A Lincoln, 1st Inaugural March 3, 1861

17. Lincoln’s Republican Position “My official duty is to save the Union and is not to either save or destroy slavery. If I could save the Union without freeing any slave, I would do it – and if I could save it by freeing all the slaves, I would do it.” Letter to Horace Greeley, August 1862

18. The Corwin Amendment - the “Ghost” 13th Amendment ART. 13. No amendment shall be made to the Constitution which will authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, within any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service by the laws of said State. March 2, 1861

19. “Attempting to conquer the seceded states will entail a 2-3 year war that will require a massive army, incur tremendous loss of life on both sides and cost at least a quarter-billion dollars. And the result will be 15 devastated provinces not to be brought into harmony with their conquerors but to be held for generations by heavy garrisons – at an expense quadruple the net duties or taxes it would be possible to extract from them – followed by a Protector or Emperor.” GEN Winfield Scott, MAR 3, 1861 in a letter to Lincoln

20. Confederate Constitution – MAR 11, 1861 • No bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or law denying or impairing the right of property in negro slaves shall be passed [by Congress] Line item veto – could be over-ridden by 2/3rds vote Single 6 year presidential term Every law, or resolution having the force of law, shall relate to but one subject, and that shall be expressed in the title

21. APR, 1861 Economic 1 – Morrill Tariff in effect NORTH/SOUTH – Wait for the inevitable. Social 1 4 6 10 12 14 15 Anderson Linc Chas Fleet Sumter Sumter 75K 1 week ords batts sails attacked evac volunteers reprov fire Political 4 6 18 20 Lincoln Notifies Lee offered Lee Meets SC of Fed Army goes Guvs Reprov South

22. Fort Sumter – April 12, 1861

23. The 75K Call for Volunteers Why 75K?? The exact number of arms confiscated by the Disunionists from Southern forts and armories.

25. MAY, 1861 Economic Both sides see a short war. Social Political 6 20 23 AR NC VA secedes secedes secedes

26. Secession DEC 20, 1860 – South Carolina JAN 9, 1861 – Mississippi JAN 10, 1861 – Florida JAN 11, 1861 – Alabama JAN 19, 1861 – Georgia JAN 26, 1861 – Louisiana FEB 23, 1861 – Texas MAY 6, 1861 - Arkansas MAY 23, 1861 – Virginia MAY 20, 1861 – North Carolina JUN 8, 1861 – Tennessee OCT 31, 1861 – Missouri NOV 20, 1861 - Kentucky

27. The Slide Into War – Essential Questions What were the causes of secession? How did secession happen? How would history have been altered if SC had not seceded?