JICA EPP Training Review (3) Landfill & Incineration

1. JICA EPP Training Review (3)Landfill & Incineration October 2011 JEMAI Kenzo OHOKA

2. In-flow waste • Strict inspection before accepting wastes • Visual inspection • Measuring waste (weigh) • Record keeping • Sampling waste Saitama Yorii

3. Truck Washing (containment) • All waste and contaminated soil etc. shall be removed • Washing pool and Truck washing equipment • High pressurized water washes truck bodies • Truck Scale recording (without waste) Saitama Yorii

4. 97.7 h (total area) • 22.6 h (landfill) • 2,710,000 ton (1,930,000 ㎥) Saitama Yorii

5. Filling Waste and Soil • Spreading • Rolling compaction • Ground stabilization • Daily soil cover • No scatter • Pest control • Odor control Saitama Yorii

6. Waste water TreatmentThe process is monitored and controlled by the computer systems • Primary treatment • Settling pond Removal of massive solid • Coagulation/sedimentation Removal of suspended solid • Secondary treatment Biological treatment/aeration • Tertiary treatment Coagulation/sedimentation Oxidation (Cl2,O3 etc.) Activated carbon adsorption Reverse osmosis Ion exchange process etc. Saitama Yorii

7. Environmental Management • Soil and surface water • Groundwater monitor • Gas sampling & monitoring Saitama Yorii

8. Environmental Management • Dust and particulate • Noise and vibration Saitama Yorii

9. Landfill Structure (Saitama Yorii) • Double liner system • Synthetic rubber sheet 1.5mm and protecting mat 10～20mm • Soil cover for protecting the liner system • Protective layer of soil (thickness of 1m) • Then filling waste ( thickness of 2.5m ) • Middle soil cover ( thickness of 0.5m ) • Repeat above filling both waste and soil, so-called ‘sandwich methods’ • Final soil cover ( thickness of 2m ) • Leachate collecting systems • Leachate collecting pipe networks • All leachate to be sent to the waste water treatment center • Fresh air shall be sent to inside of the landfill • Leachate output and fresh air input • Microorganism activities • Bioremediation Saitama Yorii

10. Landfill Structure Protective layer of soil Saitama Yorii

11. Landfill StructureSurface water management Saitama Yorii

12. The Minister of Environment Award Landfill in Chiba Prefecture Landfill in Chiba

13. Landfill in Chiba

14. Landfill in Chiba

15. Landfill in Chiba

16. Landfill in Chiba

17. 1. Nonwoven fabric (protecting mat), 2. Synthetic rubber sheet, 3. Nonwoven fabric, 4. Leak detection system, 5. Synthetic rubber sheet, 6. Self-recovery or self-repair waterproof sheet, 7. Nonwoven fabric, 8. Relatively impermeable soil layer Landfill in Chiba

18. Electrical Leak Detection System Landfill in Chiba

19. Akeno Landfill Yamanashi prefecture

20. Yamanashi prefecture

21. Landfilling period agreed with local people is only about 5 years, Akeno Landfill Huge white cover ( 13 January, 2011) • Oct. 2010: • The synthetic rubber sheet was broken by heavy equipment. Later, the electrical leak detection system alarmed and they excavated the filled waste. • White cover: To prevent asbestos pollution they installed the huge cover • The investigation cost will be more than 76,000,000 yen and the landfill will show a loss of 3,500,000,000 yen • The safest landfill, mentioned by the prefecture, have experienced a big problem. Yamanashi prefecture

22. Malfunction of The Leak Detector? Yamanashi prefecture

23. Strength test for the sheet systems Malfunction of the leak detector? • Oct. 2010 – March 2011 • No problem on the synthetic rubber sheet (the first layer ) • After excavation of the waste there is no alarming at all • Strength test for sheet systems to find out the causation; malfunction of the systems? (June 2011) • Laboratory test indicated very small holes on the sheet • The pressured rubber sheet has dents with microscopic holes (five sample sheets were carefully tested) • The intersection points of electric wires also might cause leakage, i.e., breaking the rubber sheet (July 2011) Yamanashi prefecture

24. Concluded ‘No leakage’ Yamanashi prefecture concluded the investigation • Microscopic holes on the rubber sheet (Too small to cause leachate leakage) • Electric wires short-circuit at the intersection points by the high pressure (a culprit) • Rubber sheet damage probably occurred during sealing works (seepage control works with double liners) • During the works of the protective layer of soil? Yamanashi prefecture

25. High Temperature Incineration Saitama Yorii

26. Saitama Yorii

28. Synthetic gas for fuel and generation of electricity • Slag for road material (sub-base course material) • Metals for reuse etc. • Sulfur for sulfuric acid • Metal hydroxide for Zn & Pb • Salt for alkali industry

30. 1. Compaction of waste • Reduce the waste volume by one fifth • Remove air in the waste • Efficiency of heat transfer (dennnetukouritsu) Saitama Yorii

31. 2. Dry and thermal decomposition • Indirect heating • Degassing and drying without oxygen • Processed waste will be sent to the secondary furnace Saitama Yorii

32. 3. Gasification and fusion (melting) • Producing liquid oxygen from air • High concentrated oxygen inject to the furnace • Heat of reaction by carbon thermal decomposition • High temperature (up to 2000℃) • Waste metals and debris will melt (dissolve) Saitama Yorii

33. 4. Slag homogenizing & water granulation • Melted waste material • Homogenizing furnace for Slag manufacturing • Cooled down by water granulation • Slag Saitama Yorii

34. 5. Decompose of dioxins • Full decomposition of dioxins • Thermal decomposition gas • 1200℃ processing for more than two seconds • Refining and reforming the gas • Dioxins and tar will be decomposed

35. 6. Quick cooling (forced cooling) • Very rapid cooling • Cool down the gas from 1200℃ to70℃ • The process is within 0.1 second • No fly ash • ‘De novo synthesis of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans’ can be controlled • Dioxin concentration in the gas was less than 0.01 not 0.1ngTEQ/Nm3 (regulations) Saitama Yorii

36. 7. Heavy metals and chlorine content • Continuing acid/alkali washing process • Acid cleaning • Alkali scrubbing • Removal of heavy metals and chlorine • Gas can be cleaned

37. 8. Purification of gas • Refining the gas • Desulfurization equipment • Dry process (dewater) • Refined synthesis gas for power generation Saitama Yorii

38. 9. Reuse of cooling water • Waste water processing • Remove heavy metals and salt • Reuse it for the process water • Recycle the collected heavy metals and salt

39. 10. Power generation • Two dual generation • Gas engine • Gas boiler • By the purified gas • Generate 8000kW as surplus power Saitama Yorii

40. Saitama Yorii

41. One tenth small concentration of dioxins Saitama Yorii