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POVERTY – ENVIRONMENT MAINSTREAMING IN TAJIKISTAN

This seminar aims to explore the process of integrating poverty-environment linkages into policy making, budgeting, and implementation processes at national, sub-national, and sector levels in Tajikistan. It will discuss the relevance of poverty-environment mainstreaming to Tajikistan, the potential benefits of mainstreaming in achieving sustainable development goals, and the roles and responsibilities involved.

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POVERTY – ENVIRONMENT MAINSTREAMING IN TAJIKISTAN

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  1. TRAINING Seminar POVERTY – ENVIRONMENT MAINSTREAMING IN TAJIKISTAN

  2. Outline of the Seminar

  3. INTRODUCTION

  4. What is Poverty-Environment (P-E) mainstreaming? • “The process of integrating poverty-environment linkages into policy making, budgeting and implementation processes at national, sub-national and sector level. A multi year, multi-stakeholder effort.” • A committed process of change in the culture and practicalities of institution • A means towards economic growth UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  5. Why is Poverty – Environment (P-E) Mainstreaming necessary? • Threat of irreversible damage to world ecosystems and the goods and services they provide • Economy - Potential to increase economic revenues. Industries particularly affected  • Affect on country’s net savings • Health – occupational chemical and household fuels cause up to 80% of diseases reported to World Health Organization • Achievement of MDGs UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  6. Sustainable Development • Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. 3 Pillars • Social • Economic • Environmental UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  7. P-E Mainstreaming and MDGs UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  8. P-E Mainstreaming and MDGs UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  9. How is P-E mainstreaming relevant to Tajikistan? • More than 70% population live in rural areas • Over 2/3 population depend on agriculture for livelihoods • More than 53% live below poverty line • Only 7% territory suitable for economic land use • Lack of reliable energy supply • High vulnerability to natural disasters • Water & food insecurity UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  10. Poverty-Environment (P-E) Mainstreaming in DDPs General Assessment of Existing situation Entry Point 1-General Assessment of Current Situation District/Jamot Vision Formulation Entry Point 2- Objective setting and Environmental Overview Situation analysis and Description of Strategies for Main Sectors (including project design) Entry Point 3- Screening and Environmental Impact Assessment of Projects Provision of resources for development program implementation Entry Point 4-Environmental Indicators Monitoring and evaluation system DDP Stages Key Entry Points for Environmental Mainstreaming

  11. Roles & responsibilities UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  12. Roles & responsibilities (cont’d)

  13. REVIEW OF CURRENT SITUATION

  14. Review of Current Situation UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  15. Current situation review • Aim = Preliminary understanding of critical poverty-environmental linkages • Targeted and brief • Part 1 outlines broad environmental situation • Part 2 focuses on environmental assets and impact on sustainable development UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  16. Question Checklist (Indicative)

  17. Question Checklist continued..

  18. ENVIRONMENTAL OBJECTIVE SETTING

  19. Environmental Objective Setting UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  20. EFFECTS Problem tree Effects Possible theme for Indicators Focal Problem Problems  Goals CAUSES Causes  objectives/activities UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  21. Methods of creating a problem tree • Brainstorming (creative/chaotic!) • Brainstorm issues around an unidentified problem • Identify & agree focal problem • Sort into causes & effects • Cluster & create relationships • Systematic (methodical) • Debate & agree focal problem • Develop direct causes – ‘but why’ • Develop direct effects ‘so what’ • Create relationships UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  22. No pesticides available Crops infested with pests Defining a problem A problem is not the absence of a solution but…. an existing negative state UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  23. Problem tree Health problems for local population Decline in biodiversity Damage to natural ecosystems Pollution in settlement areas Industrial units located in residential areas Unregulated disposal of effluent and gaseous emissions Contamination of water sources Toxic exhaust fumes from vehicles Litter on streets EFFECTS (So what?) FOCAL PROBLEM Urban pollution (air, water, land) Inappropriate disposal of waste Petty and informal commercial activities Improper industrial location High numbers of vehicles on roads Poor urban water supply management CAUSES (But why?) Improper land use planning Lack of recycling facilities Limited public transport network Weak regulation and enforcement Inaccurate data & information at district level Poor regulation Poor traffic management UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  24. GROUP EXERCISE 1Turn to the back of the training handbook for details UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  25. Objective tree Biodiversity Health of local population Levels of pollution in settlement areas Industrial units located on industrial sites Possible INDICATORS Theme Disposal of effluent and gaseous emissions Litter on streets Safe water sources Exhaust emissions levels PRINCIPAL OBJECTIVE Integrated pollution management Appropriate disposal of waste Increased formal commercial activities Suitable industrial location Reduced numbers of vehicles on roads Possible Objectives Improved urban water supply management Good land use planning Provision of recycling facilities Active regulation and enforcement Functional public transport network Accurate data & information at district level Improved traffic management Good regulation UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  26. GROUP EXERCISE 2Turn to the back of the training handbook for details UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  27. Options Analysis Use objective criteria to analyse which objectives ‘root’ to prioritise • Degree of fit with higher plans • What are others doing? • Comparative advantage and capacity? • Alignment with country priorities? • Risks and assumptions? Who is at risk? • Feasibility? CRITERIA Social Technical Institutional Economic & Financial Environmental Integrated urban pollution management Appropriate disposal of waste Increased formal commercial activities Suitable industrial location Reduced numbers of vehicles on roads Improved urban water supply management Good land use planning Provision of recycling facilities Active regulation and enforcement Functional public transport network Green = priority objectives Red = low priority objectives Accurate data & information at district level Improved traffic management Good regulation

  28. GROUP EXERCISE 3Turn to the back of the training handbook for details UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  29. ENVIRONMENTAL OVERVIEW

  30. Environmental Overview UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  31. Environmental Overview • Rapid environmental assessment tool used in formulation stage of policies and projects • Flags environmental constraints and opportunities • Stimulates additional dialogue with sectors • Indicates any need for additional environmental screening later on UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  32. Environmental Overview checklist UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  33. The process UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  34. GROUP EXERCISE 4Turn to the back of the training handbook for details UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  35. ENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS

  36. Environmental Indicators UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  37. Environmental Indicators • Measure progress of a proposal against environmental objectives • Essential at an early stage • Collaborative process • Indicators show how to measure change from the current baseline • Targets are set to be achieved within a deadline by a designated party. • Milestones measure progress along the way “If you can’t measure it you can’t manage it!” UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  38. How to create indicators • STEP 1: Write simple indicators. • STEP 2: Clarify indicators with quantity/quality. Location specific & disaggregated. • STEP 3: Consider baseline. Is current situation known? Can information be gathered? If no, reject indicator. • STEP 4: Set milestones and targets • STEP 5: Check indicators are SMART UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  39. Example indicators UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  40. GROUP EXERCISE 5Turn to the back of the training handbook for details UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  41. ENVIRONMENTAL SCREENING OF DISTRICT/JAMOAT PROJECTS

  42. Environmental Screening of District Projects UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  43. Environmental Screening of District Projects • Initial screening to decide whether proposals require an environmental impact assessment • Important to be aware of National Legislation regarding EIA • Simple question process • If yes to any questions an EIA is required • Even small projects may have significant environmental impact UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  44. Would the proposed project result in the conversion or degradation of modified, natural habitat or critical habitat?Would the proposed project result in the conversion or degradation of modified, natural habitat or critical habitat? Will the proposed project adversely impact people and communities, including indigenous peoples, ability to use, develop and protect natural resources and other natural capital assets? Will the life-supporting capacities of air, water and soil ecosystems be adversely impacted? Will the proposed project result in CO2 emissions greater than 100,000 tons per year (from both direct and indirect sources)? Would the proposed project result in the generation of solid waste that cannot be recovered, reused, or disposed of in an environmentally sound manner? Is there a potential for the release of hazardous materials resulting from their production, transportation, handling, storage and use for project activities? Will the proposed project involve pest management activities, including the application of pesticides? Would there be any risk of accidents during construction or operation of the project which could affect human health or the environment?

  45. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA)

  46. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  47. What is an EIA? • Systematic identification and evaluation of potential environmental impact of proposed projects etc.. • Supports informed decision making • Conducted by specialists UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  48. Objectives of EIA UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  49. The EIA Process Proposal identification Screening Scoping Impact analysis Public involvement Mitigation measures Environmental Statement Review Decision making Implementation & follow up UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

  50. Step 1: Proposal identification • For every new project a brief must be submitted including: • Project description and options to be considered for meeting the project’s objectives, • Assessment of the local context and how it will add value to the identified population to be affected, • Financial overview (indicative costing by components), • Estimated project costs and benefits, • Proposed project financing – Debt/internal funding, • Impact on jobs and growth, • Environmental impact, • Potential risk and mitigation strategy. UNDP/UNEP PE-I PHASE 1 TAJIKISTAN

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