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Roofing

Roofing. ROOFS. It is constructed to protect the building from weather (rain, wind, heat, snow, etc) Roof is the uppermost part of the building. REQUIREMENTS OF A ROOF. Durable against various natural agencies Adequate thermal insulation Water proof Fire resistant Sound insulation

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Roofing

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  1. Roofing

  2. ROOFS • It is constructed to protect the building from weather (rain, wind, heat, snow, etc) • Roof is the uppermost part of the building

  3. REQUIREMENTS OF A ROOF • Durable against various natural agencies • Adequate thermal insulation • Water proof • Fire resistant • Sound insulation • Good drainage arrangement

  4. CLASSIFICATION OF ROOFS • Pitched or sloping • Single roof, • Double roof, • Trussed roof. • Flat or terraced • R.C.C roof, • Madras terrace roof. • Curved • Shell roof, • Dome roof.

  5. PITCHED ROOFS • These roofs have sloping top surface • Suitable in those areas where rainfall/snowfall is very heavy • Span: clear distance between the supports of beams, roofs or truss • Rise: vertical distance between the top of the ridge and the wall plate • Pitch: inclination of sides of a roof to the horizontal • Ridge: an apex line of a sloping roof

  6. PITCHED ROOFS

  7. TERMS - ROOF • Gable: triangular upper part of a wall formed at the end of a pitched roof • Purlin: horizontal member placed over the principal rafters to support the roof membrane.

  8. TERMS - ROOF

  9. TYPES OF PITCHED ROOFS • Single roofs • Double or purlin roofs • Trussed roof • King post truss • Queen post truss • Mansard truss • Bel fast truss • Steel truss • Composite truss

  10. SINGLE ROOF: 1.LEAN TO-ROOFS • Rafters slope to one side only. • Upper ends- rafters are fixed by nails to the wooden plates. • Lower ends- rafters are notched & nailed to the wooden post plate. • Battens are placed and fixed over rafters. • Roof covering materials. • Spans upto 2.5 m.

  11. 2.COUPLE ROOF • Pair of rafters • Slopes to both sides • Upper ends- nailed to common ridge piece • Lower ends- notched & nailed to wooden wall plates. • Battens are fixed • Roof covering materials • Span upto 3.60 m.

  12. 3.COUPLE CLOSE ROOF • Tie beam • Prevent from spreading • Spans upto 4.20 m.

  13. COLLAR BEAM ROOF • Span increase or heavy load- leads to bend • Prevent by raising the tie beam • 1/3rd to ½ of the vertical ht. from wall plate to the ridge. • Spans upto 5m

  14. DOUBLE OR PURLIN ROOFS • Rafters- rest at the ends on wall • Purlins- intermediate supports • Spans upto 5.5 m.

  15. TRUSSED ROOF • A number of straight members connected in the shape of triangle and forming a frame is known as truss. • Truss are provided at regular interval of about 3m along the length. • Used for the span more than 5m.

  16. KING-POST TRUSS • King post- central post • Struts- inclined members • Principal rafters- support the purlins • Spans- 5 to 8 m.

  17. QUEEN-POST TRUSS • 2 vertical posts • Straining beam • 2 struts • Straining sill • Spans- 8 to 12 m.

  18. MANSARD TRUSS • Combination of king & queen post trusses. • Upper portion- king post truss • Lower portion- queen post truss. • Upper pitch- 30 to 40 degree • Lower pitch- 60 to 70 degree.

  19. BELFAST TRUSS/ BOW STRING TRUSS • Thin sections of timber • Top chord – curved • 30 m span – if roof covering is light • Rise not more than 1/8th of the span

  20. STEEL TRUSSES KING-POST STEEL TRUSS COMPOUND FINK & COMPOUND HOWE’S STEEL TRUSS ADVANTAGE: • stronger than wooden truss • Very large span (5m to 30m) • Easy to construct • Fire-proof • More rigid • Permanent • More economical

  21. STEEL TRUSSES…..Cont 1 DISADVANTAGE: • Likely to get rusted • Need anti corrosive paints. • Periodical maintenance required. USES: • Building with large span • Building with no intermediate columns. • Place of heavy rainfall of snow fall.

  22. COMPOSITE TRUSS • Timber and steel • Tension members – steel • Compression members – timber • Light and economical

  23. FLAT ROOFS • It is one which is either horizontal or horizontal with slope less than 10°. TYPES OF FLAT ROOFS: • Madras terrace roofs • Reinforced cement concrete slab roof

  24. MADRAS TERRACE ROOF

  25. MADRAS TERRACE ROOF

  26. REINFORCED CEMENT CONCRETE ROOF • Easy to cast • Very smooth surface • Length / width > 2 – one way • Length / width < 2 – two way

  27. CURVED ROOFS • Modification of pitched roof and are frequently employed in modern age to cover large areas. • Useful for assembly halls, recreation centres, factories, monumental works • Pleasing appearance • Types • Shell roofs • Domes

  28. NORTH LIGHT SHELL ROOF • Mostly used in • Factories • Work shops • Where good day light id desired

  29. BARREL VAULT SHELL ROOF • Long multiple cylindrical shell • Feather edge beams • Where day-lighting is not must

  30. DOMES • Semi-elliptical or semi-spherical • Uniform or varying thickness • Brick, stone, steel, wood, concrete or tile

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