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MALVINO

SIXTH EDITION. MALVINO. Electronic. PRINCIPLES. Nonlinear Op-Amp Circuits. Chapter 22. Diode clamps for protection. +V sat. -V sat. Inverting comparator. +V CC. A OL @ 100,000. v in. v out. -V EE. v in. v out. Inverting comparator with input bias compensation. +V CC. R B.

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MALVINO

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  1. SIXTH EDITION MALVINO Electronic PRINCIPLES

  2. Nonlinear Op-Amp Circuits Chapter 22

  3. Diode clamps for protection +Vsat -Vsat Inverting comparator +VCC AOL @ 100,000 vin vout -VEE vin vout

  4. Inverting comparator with input bias compensation +VCC RB vin vout -VEE RB The trip point of a zero-crossing detector should be near zero volts.

  5. +VZ + 0.7 -VZ - 0.7 Bounded output zero-crossing detector +VCC vin vout -VEE vin vout

  6. R2 VT = VEE R1+R2 Non-inverting threshold detector +VCC vin vout R2 -VEE R1 vin VT +Vsat vout -Vsat

  7. IC comparators • Op amps have speed limitations due to the internal compensation capacitor. • Comparator ICs are optimized for non-linear operation so the capacitor is not needed. • Comparator ICs often have open-collector outputs to make interfacing more flexible.

  8. Using a pullup resistor with an open-collector output stage +V pullup vout IC comparator When the transistor is off, the resistor pulls vout up to +V.

  9. R1 B = R1+R2 UTP LTP The Schmitt trigger uses positive feedback +VCC vin vout UTP = BVsat -VEE R1 LTP = -BVsat R2 H = 2BVsat vin +Vsat vout -Vsat

  10. UTP LTP vin +Vsat vout -Vsat Comparing a zero-crossing detector to a Schmitt trigger when both have noisy input signals. vin +Vsat vout -Vsat

  11. Window comparator +VCC vout LTP +Vsat D1 vin -VEE vout LTP HTP vin +VCC RL D2 Output is low when input is in window HTP -VEE

  12. T -T V = vin RC V Integrator 10R R C vin vin vout 0 0 vout

  13. VP vout(pp) = 2fRC Rectangular to triangular converter 10R R C vin +VP vout vin -VP vout

  14. R2 VT = VCC R1+R2 VT Triangle to pulse converter vin vout R2 +VCC R1 vin vout

  15. UTP LTP 1+B 1-B T = 2RCln Relaxation oscillator R vout C vC R2 R1 vout

  16. Triangular waveform generator R5 C2 R3 R4 C1 vout R2 R1

  17. R1 R2 UTP = Vsat R2 f = 4R1 R3 C Another triangular waveform generator R2 R4 R3 C vout R1 H = 2UTP Vout(pp) = H

  18. Active half-wave rectifier vin RL VK VK(CL) = AOL An op amp with negative feedback allows the rectification of signals with amplitudes less than the diode knee voltage.

  19. Active peak detector with reset RLC > 10T vin C RL Reset

  20. Active positive clamper 0 vin RL 0 An op amp with negative feedback allows the clamping of signals with amplitudes less than the diode knee voltage.

  21. Differentiator R C vin vout 0.01R to 0.1R

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