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Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star…

Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star…. How I wonder what you are…. Stars have D i f f e r e n t c o l o r s Which indicate different temperatures The hotter a star is, the faster it burns its life away. The Magnitude Scale.

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Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star…

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  1. Twinkle, Twinkle Little Star…

  2. How I wonder what you are… • Stars have • Differentcolors • Which indicate different temperatures • The hotter a star is, the faster it burns its life away.

  3. The Magnitude Scale • About 150 B.C., the Greek astronomer Hipparchus measured apparent brightness of stars using units called magnitudes • Brightest stars had magnitude 1 and dimmest had magnitude 6 • The system is still used today and units of measurement are called apparent magnitudes to emphasize how bright a star looks to an observer • A star’s apparent magnitude depends on the star’s luminosity and distance – a star may appear dim because it is very far away or it does not emit much energy

  4. Stars Start From Clouds • Clouds provide the gas and dust from which stars form.

  5. Gravity pulls the dust and gas together to form protostars. Stellar Nursery

  6. Protostars • Protostars start in nebulas. Massive Stars Sun-like Stars

  7. A Star is Formed As the mass falls together it gets hot. A star is formed when it is hot enough for the hydrogen nuclei to fuse together to make helium This is nuclear fusion Massive Stars Sun-like Stars

  8. A Main Sequence star It immediately enters a long stable period where the outward pressure created by nuclear fusion balances the force of gravity Massive Stars Sun-like Stars

  9. Death Cycle The mass of the star determines it’s fate. Massive Stars Sun-like Stars

  10. Death Cycle • If the mass of the star is less than 8 solar masses, it follows the cycle to the left. Massive Stars Sun-like Stars

  11. Death Cycle • When all the Hydrogen is converted to Helium the forces become unbalanced and a RED GIANT is formed. Massive Stars Sun-like Stars

  12. Death Cycle • When all the Helium is converted to Carbon, a PLANETARY NEBULA is formed. Massive Stars Sun-like Stars

  13. Death Cycle • The remaining hot Carbon core is called a WHITE DWARF. Massive Stars Sun-like Stars

  14. Death Cycle • After cooling, it is called a BLACK DWARF. Massive Stars Sun-like Stars

  15. Death Cycle → If the mass of the star is greater than 8 solar masses, it follows the cycle to the right. Massive Stars Sun-like Stars

  16. Death Cycle As the nuclear fuel is consumed, a SUPER RED GIANT is formed. → Massive Stars Sun-like Stars

  17. Death Cycle Once fusion stops, a SUPERNOVAoccurs. → Massive Stars Sun-like Stars

  18. Death Cycle If the left over core is less than 1.4 solar masses, a NEUTRON STAR is formed. → Massive Stars Sun-like Stars

  19. Death Cycle If the leftover core, is greater than 1.4 solar masses, a BLACK HOLE forms. → Massive Stars

  20. Matter leftover from the explosion of dying stars returns to the universe and can be recycled into new stars.

  21. Life Cycle of a Star Rubric • Go to the websites listed on the back of this paper to get more information on a star’s life cycle. • Your assignment is to use the 10 cards you have been given to illustrate the life cycles of sun-like stars, huge stars, and giant stars. • You will need a card for each of the following: nebula(stellar nursery), protostar, red giant, planetary nebula, white dwarf, black dwarf, red supergiant, supernova, neutron star, and black hole • You will have one card for each stage of the star’s life. • On the front of each card you need to draw and color the star. You must also label the stage of the star. • On the back you need to include 3-5 pieces of information about that stage from your research. • During the following period you will exchange cards with a partner and be asked to diagram, with the cards, the specific life cycle you have been assigned. You will have to demonstrate the life cycle of sun-like stars, huge stars, or giant stars. Grading: 10 colored pictures………………………………………………..20pts Having all pictures labeled.………………………………………10pts 3-5 pieces of information per card………………………………..30pts Correctly arranging cards in the life cycle……………………….15pts

  22. For Your Information: http://www.telescope.org/pparc/res8.html www.enchantedlearning.com/subjects/astronomy/stars/lifecycle/ http://webs.wichita.edu/lapo/lss.html http://map.gsfc.nasa.gov/m_uni/uni_101stars.html http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/question.php?number=38 http://imagine.gsfc.nasa.gov/docs/teachers/lifecycles/LC_main_p1.html http://curious.astro.cornell.edu/the-universe/stars-and-star-clusters http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations/light/ http://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/how-do-stars-form-and-evolve/ http://aspire.cosmic-ray.org/Labs/ShootTheStars/ http://www.windows2universe.org/sun/Solar_interior/Nuclear_Reactions/Fusion/Fusion_in_stars/star_life.html http://www.jb.man.ac.uk/distance/life/sample/stars/

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