Unit 9 Chapter 33 Animal Behavior

1. Unit 9Chapter 33Animal Behavior

2. What is Behavior? • Behavior: • A response to a stimulus • Stimulus: • An environmental change that directly influences the activity of an organism • Importance: • Behavior is an adaptive value to the organism, because natural selection favors certain behaviors

3. Inherited behavior • Innate behavior • Genetically inherited, automatic response

4. Inherited behavior • Reflex • A simple response involving no conscious control • Usually acts to protect the organism from harm

5. Inherited behavior • Fight or flight response • An automatic response controlled by hormones that mobilizes the body for greater activity in an emergency

6. Inherited behavior • Instinct • A complex pattern of innate behavior that begins with the recognition of a stimulus and continues until all parts have been performed

7. Inherited behavior • Courtship behavior • a type of instinctive behavior between the male & female that ensures reproduction

8. Inherited behavior • Territory • A physical space an animal defends against another member of its species • Reduces competition among members of the same species

9. Inherited behavior • Aggressive behavior • Used to intimidate another animal of the same species, delivers the message to keep away • Ex: bird’s songs, teeth baring, growling

10. Inherited behavior • Dominance hierarchy • A form of social ranking in a group in which some individuals are more subordinate • Usually has one top-ranking individual, who may lead others to food, shelter, etc

11. Inherited behavior • Circadian rhythm • Light-regulated behavior, based on 24-hour cycle of the day • May determine when an animal sleeps and wakes

12. Inherited behavior • Migration • The instinctive, seasonal movement of animals • Response may be to both temperature change and hormones

13. Inherited behavior • Hibernation • A state in which the body temperature drops, oxygen consumption decreases, and breathing rates decline • Purpose is to conserve energy • (the “summer” version is called estivation)

14. What is learned behavior? • Learned behavior: • Occurs when the behavior changes through practice or experience • Has survival value because it allows the animal to adapt to change in its environment

15. Kinds of Learned Behavior • Habituation • Occurs when an animal is repeatedly given a stimulus not associated with any punishment or reward • An animal becomes habituated when it finally ceases to respond to the stimulus

16. Kinds of Learned Behavior • Imprinting • When an animal forms a social attachment to another animal or object • Usually occurs early in life and allows the animal to recognize its mother and others of its species Konrad Lorenz & “friends”

17. Kinds of Learned Behavior • Trial & error learning • When an animal gets a reward for making a particular response • (an animal tries one solution and then another in the course of obtaining the reward)

18. Kinds of Learned Behavior • Classical conditioning • Learning by association • (may be associated to a reward, punishment, or other motivation)

19. Pavlov’s dogs

20. Kinds of Learned Behavior • Insight • Learning in which the animal uses previous experience to respond to a new situation

21. Kinds of Learned Behavior • Communication • An exchange of information that results in a change of behavior • They may signal each other by sound, sights, touches or smells

22. Bee dance communicating distance & direction of food source Ants following a “pheromone” trail The whale’s song

23. Kinds of Learned Behavior • Language • The use of symbols to represent ideas • Primarily in animals with complex nervous systems, memory and insight Koko & Lucy