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563.11.1 ZigBee

563.11.1 ZigBee. Samuel Nelson University of Illinois Fall 2007. What is ZigBee?. A low data rate, low power specification ZigBee Alliance is

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563.11.1 ZigBee

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  1. 563.11.1 ZigBee Samuel Nelson University of Illinois Fall 2007

  2. What is ZigBee? • A low data rate, low power specification • ZigBee Alliance is • “an association of companies working together to enable reliable, cost-effective, low-power, wirelessly networked, monitoring and control products based on an open global standard.“ ZigBee Alliance Homepage 2

  3. ZigBee’s Place WWAN IEEE 802.22 IEEE 802.20 WMAN WiMax IEEE 802.16 Range WLAN WiFi 802.11 ZigBee 802.15.4 15.4c 802.15.3 802.15.3c Bluetooth 802.15.1 WPAN 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 1000 Data Rate (Mbps) Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006

  4. History of ZigBee • No adequate solution for: • Smart badges • Home Automation • Interactive toys • IEEE 802.15.4 taskgroup set out to designa standard with: • Low data rate • Long battery life • Very low complexity • In 2003, a standard was completed IEEE 802.11.4 Website

  5. History of ZigBee • October 2002 • ZigBee Alliance is formed • December 2004 • ZigBee 1.0 is released • Current releases • 802.15.4 is 2006 • ZigBee specification is 2007

  6. Medium Access (MAC) Physical Radio (PHY) Protocol Stack and Responsibility Protocol Stack Application ZDO SSP App Support (APS) Responsibility NWK Craig, W. ZigBee, 2004. Heile, B. Wireless…

  7. IEEE 802.15.4 PHY • Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum • Link quality measurements • Used by higher layers Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006

  8. IEEE 802.15.4 MAC • Two addressing modes • 16 bit (~65,000 devices) • 64 bit (lots of devices) • CSMA/CA • Allows for network beaconing • Wake up periodically, checking for a beacon • Power savings • Nodes can sleep between beacons • Nodes that don’t have to route or randomly receive can sleep until needed

  9. Network Layer • Devices • ZigBee Coordinator • Network Creator • ZigBee Router • Multi-hop Routing • ZigBee End Device • Very low power Light source (ZC or ZR) Status: Always On Light switch (ZED) Status: Sleep, except when flipped

  10. Network Topologies Mesh Star ZigBee Coordinator ZigBee Router Cluster Tree ZigBee End Device Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006

  11. Routing • Ad hoc On Demand Distance Vector (AODV) • Used for mesh topologies • Cluster-Tree Algorithm • Form clusters of nodes that make a tree Ergen, S. ZigBee/802.15.4 Summary, 2004

  12. ZigBee Applications security HVAC AMR lighting control accesscontrol TV VCR DVD/CD remote ZigBee Wireless Control that Simply Works PC & PERIPHERALS PERSONAL HEALTH CARE patient monitoring fitness monitoring mouse keyboard joystick TELECOM SERVICES INDUSTRIAL CONTROL HOME CONTROL asset mgt process control environmental energy mgt security HVAC lighting control access control irrigation m-commerce info services object interaction (Internet of Things) Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006

  13. Application Profiles • Profiles regulate types of messages to and from end points • Public Profiles • Interoperability • Vendor Profiles • Undergoes certificate testing • Shouldn’t interfere with other ZigBee networks

  14. Example Profiles • Home Automation • Devices used: • Light switch • Lamp • Thermostat • Industrial Plant Monitoring • Devices used: • Pressure sensors • Cameras • Thermostat Heile, B. Wireless Sensor and Control Networks (PPT), 2006

  15. Application Messages • Periodic • Use beaconing system • Ex) Meter systems • Intermittent • Beaconless or disconnected • Ex) Light switch • Repetitive low latency • Time slot allocations • Ex) Security system

  16. ZigBee Security • ZigBee is touted as “highly secure” • Relies on centralized infrastructure • Coordinator acts as trust center • Types of keys: • Master key • Installed out-of-band • Network key • Shared by all devices • No protection against “insider” attacks • Link key • Derived from master key

  17. Trust Center • Can be the coordinator or a dedicated device on the network • Trust during Join • Authenticate join requests • Network • Updates and distributes network key • End-to-End Configuration • Assists link key setup ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee Security Specification Overview, 2005

  18. End-to-End Key Establishment ZigBee Alliance, ZigBee Security Specification Overview, 2005

  19. ZigBee vs. Bluetooth • Larger Range • 100m vs. 10m • Lower Data Rate • 20 to 250 Kbps vs. 1 Mbps • Lower Energy • Multi-year vs. multi-day battery life • Device numbers • 7 slaves per network vs. 65,000 nodes

  20. Conclusions • ZigBee is beneficial for low data rate, low power applications • Control • Automation • Monitoring • Centralized trust center helps to manage security

  21. References • ZigBee Alliance home page: • http://www.zigbee.org/en/index.asp • ZigBee Alliance tutorial • http://www.zigbee.org/en/resources/presentations.asp • IEEE 802.15.4 task group • http://www.ieee802.org/15/pub/TG4.html

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