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Civil society . Definition A sphere of associational activity outside the state and beyond the family. Examples “ NGOs” Chamber of commerce Independent trade union (AFL-CIO) Greenpeace, Sierra Club National Rifle Association Examples from Varshney’s study Business association
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Civil society • Definition • A sphere of associational activity outside the state and beyond the family. • Examples “NGOs” • Chamber of commerce • Independent trade union (AFL-CIO) • Greenpeace, Sierra Club • National Rifle Association • Examples from Varshney’s study • Business association • Sports club
Characteristics of civil society (Varshney) • Associations in civil society can have different characteristics • Varshney examines the following characteristics: • Ethnic composition • Inter-ethnic (Ex: includes Hindus and Muslims) • Intra-ethnic (Ex: includes only Hindus) • Degree of formality • Formally organized • Business association • Sports teams • Not formally organized • Play group in neighborhood