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Eero Rauhala Petteri Pusa Samuli Väyrynen Accelerator Laboratory University of Helsinki Finland

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON REACTION CROSS SECTIONS FOR 16 O(  ,  0 ) 16 O, 2 H(p, p 0 ) 2 H AND 2 H( 3 He, p 0 ) 4 He. Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis CRP no. F41023 IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005 . Eero Rauhala Petteri Pusa Samuli Väyrynen

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Eero Rauhala Petteri Pusa Samuli Väyrynen Accelerator Laboratory University of Helsinki Finland

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  1. EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES ON REACTION CROSS SECTIONS FOR 16O(, 0)16O, 2H(p, p0)2H AND 2H(3He, p0)4He Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis CRP no. F41023 IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005 Eero Rauhala Petteri Pusa Samuli Väyrynen Accelerator Laboratory University of Helsinki Finland http://beam.helsinki.fi/ Eero.Rauhala@helsinki.fi Arto Nurmela VTT Information technology Microelectronics Finland Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis, CRP no. F41023, IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005

  2. Summary of proposal Within the CRP, experiments are proposed on reaction cross sections for the reference data base for ion beam analysis. Measurements of elastic scattering and reaction cross sections for 16O(, 0)16O, 2H(p, p0)2H and 2H(3He, p0)4Hewill be performed in wide energy and angular regions. • 4He scattering by oxygen between 8 and 9 MeV for a wide range of scattering angles (first year). • Proton scattering by deuterium above 2 MeV at several scattering angles above 90 degrees (second year). • 3He + d cross sections around the broad resonance at 0.63 MeV and/or possible further experiments which are considered relevant by the participants of the CRP (third year). Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis, CRP no. F41023, IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005

  3. Facilities available • The accelerator facilities at the Accelerator Laboratory of the • University of Helsinki comprise • A 5 MV tandem accelerator capable of producing 1-10 MeV proton, 2-15 MeV helium and heavier ion beams • 500 kV accelerator/implanter for lower ion energies, equipped with ion sources for most ion species. • The VTT information technology has • A 1.7 MV NEC Pelletron 5SDH2 tandem accelerator capable of producing He and H beams. Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis, CRP no. F41023, IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005

  4. 1. Helium - oxygen cross sections Oxygen is one of the most common constituents and impurities in various materials. Profiling and quantifying of oxygen is difficult with conventional Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. Using high energy 4He ions between 8 to 9 MeV, the oxygen yield is greatly enhanced, rendering good detection sensitivity of oxygen possible. The few cross section data available in this region are, however, partly inconsistent and cover only few backscattering angles. Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis, CRP no. F41023, IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005

  5. 1. Helium - oxygen cross sections Existing data from the IBANDL data base: H.-S. Cheng, H. Shen, J. Tang, and F. Yang, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449: 16O(, 0)16O, 170o, 2000-9000 keV J. John, J.P. Aldridge, and R.H. Davis, Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455: 16O(, 0)16O, 165.7o, 5030-12450 keV Feng et al., 1994 (not published): 16O(, 0)16O, 165o, 2050-9010 keV W.E. Hunt, M.K. Mehta, and R.H. Davis, Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782: 16O(, 0)16O, 158.6o, 6180-10400 keV Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis, CRP no. F41023, IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782

  6. 1. Helium - oxygen cross sections Data from IBANDL Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis, CRP no. F41023, IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782

  7. 1. Helium - oxygen cross sections • Measurement plan • Samples: • Tantalum oxide on carbon • foil, grown by ALD • Analysis by 900 keV 3He • backscattering: • NtO/NtTa = 2.846  2% • Measurements: • Several detectors, angular • region 170o – 90o • Energy region 8 – 9 MeV Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis, CRP no. F41023, IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782

  8. 2. Proton scattering by deuterium Hydrogen plays a decisive role in shaping the properties of many materials. The D(p, p) elastic scattering cross section experiments from below 1 MeV to several MeV at several scattering angles above 90o will be measured. • These experiments will be done in collaboration with other institutes: • University of Paris, Dr. Ian Vickridge • Max Planck Institute, Dr. Matej Mayer • Institute of Physics and Power Engineering, Obninsk, Dr. Alex Gurbich Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis, CRP no. F41023, IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782

  9. O Er O Er Mo Mo D D 3.6 MeV p 3.6 MeV p on ErD2 / Mo on ErD2 / Mo • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 2. Proton scattering by deuterium Example of proton backscattering by deuterium: 3.6 MeV p on 200 nm ErD2 Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis, CRP no. F41023, IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005

  10. 2. Proton scattering by deuterium Existing data from the IBANDL data base: R.A. Langley (1976) in Proc. Int. Conf. on Radiation Effect and Tritium Technology for Fusion Reactors, vol IV, (J.S. Walson and F.W. Wiffen, eds.), p.158. Conf. 750989, US Dept. of Commerce, Springfield, VA. Data from IBANDL Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis, CRP no. F41023, IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782

  11. 2. Proton scattering by deuterium D.C. Kocher and T.B. Clegg, Nucl. Phys. A132 (1969) 455. Angular distributions of differential cross sections measured from enriched gas targets for proton energies between 1 and 10 MeV. Coordinate system definition uncertain! Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis, CRP no. F41023, IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782

  12. 2. Proton scattering by deuterium SIMNRA discussion (by M. Mayer) http://www.rzg.mpg.de/~mam/ CrossSection.html#Discussion “Both data sets were digitised from the same publication by Langley, where he showed the same data in mb/sr in the center-of-mass system and as ratio-to-Rutherford in the laboratory system. Unfortunately, these data disagree by a factor of about 4.” SIMNRA suggests the higher data set is correct for 165o ! “A similar uncertainty is present for the scattering angle, which is described as 165° center-of-mass angle (equals to 151° lab angle) in one publication, and as 165° lab angle in another publication.” Figure from SIMNRA Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis, CRP no. F41023, IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782

  13. 2. Proton scattering by deuterium • Measurement plan • Samples (provided by M. Mayer): • Amorphous deuterated hydrocarbon film (200 nm) on • carbon foil, with 7 nm Au on top • Analysed with about 4.4% accuracy by 800 keV 3He • backscattering and the D(3He, 4He)p reaction: • Mean D content relative to Au: • Set 1: NtD / NtAu = 24.72  1.7% • Set 2: NtD / NtAu = 24.90  0.9% • Measurements: • Several detectors, angular region: 170o – 90o • Energy region: From below 1 MeV – several MeV Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis, CRP no. F41023, IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782

  14. 3. 3He + d system Existing data from the IBANDL data base: Differential cross section data: V.Kh. Alimov, M. Mayer, J. Roth. NIM B, in press. 2H(3He, p0)4He, 135o, 550-6000 keV. J.W. Mayer and E. Rimini Ion Beam Handbook for Material Analysis, Pergamon N.Y. (1978) 126. 2H(3He, p0)4He, 135o, 550-6000 keV. Total cross section data: W. Moller and F. Besenbacher, Nucl.Instr.Meth., 168(1980), 11. 2H(3He, p0)4He, 360.00o, 210-2160 keV. T.W. Bonner, J.P. Conner and A.B. Lillie, Phys.Rev., 88(1952), 473. 2H(3He, p0)4He, 360.00o, 280-2390 keV. Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis, CRP no. F41023, IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782

  15. 3. 3He + d system Data from IBANDL Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis, CRP no. F41023, IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782

  16. 3. Other possible measurements Depending on the input from the data evaluations and the RCM’s, measurements considered relevant/valuable can be included in the experiments for the third year. Development of a reference database for ion beam analysis, CRP no. F41023, IAEA, Vienna, Nov. 21-23, 2005 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782 • Feng et al., 1994 • Cheng, H.-S., Shen, H., Tang, J. and Yang, F. Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B83 (1993) 449 • John, J., Aldridge, J.P. and Davis, R.H. Phys. Rev. 181 (1969) 1455 • Hunt et al. Phys. Rev. 160 (1967) 782

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