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DOE-2 Overview and Basic Concepts

DOE-2 Overview and Basic Concepts. Background. US public domain programs from 1970s Post Office program; NECAP (NASA energy-cost analysis program); NBSLD (National Bureau of Standards Load Determination) Cal-ERDA (California + U.S. Energy Research & Development Administration) program

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DOE-2 Overview and Basic Concepts

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  1. DOE-2 Overview and Basic Concepts

  2. Background • US public domain programs from 1970s • Post Office program; NECAP (NASA energy-cost analysis program); NBSLD (National Bureau of Standards Load Determination) • Cal-ERDA (California + U.S. Energy Research & Development Administration) program • Department of Energy (DOE) funding • First generation DOE-1.4 program (1978) • Later DOE-2.0A, 2.1A, B, C, D, E come out • Program description • http://gundog.lbl.gov/dirsoft/d2whatis.html

  3. Background • Current versions • DOE-2.1E (official), DOE-2.2 & PowerDOE • Maintained by the Simulation Research Group of Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) • Funded by U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) • Several PC versions & interfaces, e.g. • ADM-DOE2, FTI-DOE, VisualDOE (at a cost) • eQUEST (freeware)

  4. Background • In the past, mainly used by researchers • DOE-2 is powerful but very complicated • Require much input time & detail • Need efforts to learn & to master • In recent years, also used by building designers & energy analysts • Consider as the reference program in USA • Becoming popular internationally (e.g. for developing building energy codes) • Often used for performance-based energy codes

  5. Background • Based on transfer function theory & weighting factor method; in FORTRAN language • Program structure • Building description language (BDL) processor • Error diagnosis & calculate response factors • Simulation subprograms • LOADS – building loads • SYSTEMS – secondary HVAC system • PLANT – primary HVAC system • ECONOMICS – economic analysis

  6. Main Features • Capabilities • Energy conservation studies • Building envelope design (materials, construction, etc.) • Internal loads (occupant, lighting, equipment) • HVAC systems & plant • Building design studies • Daylighting & ventilation design • Energy & environmental systems • Such as cogeneration, desiccant cooling & ice thermal storage • Economic & life cycle analysis

  7. Main Features • Limitations • Cannot model electrical & lift systems • Certain constraints on some building systems • Inflexible FORTRAN structure • Sequential calculation method (L-S-P-E) • Not able to consider heat balance

  8. Input 1 Output Input 2 Simulation Process • DOE-2 input file (BDL instructions) • Input files in ASCII text format • Commands, subcommands & keywords • Basic file structure: • LOADS section • SYSTEMS section • PLANT section • ECONOMICS section (optional) DOE-2 Simulation Engine

  9. Simulation Process • Run periods • Normally whole year (8,760 hours) • May run on shorter period (say, one month) • May carry out simulation for multiple years (if the weather files are available) • Control of simulation process • Base case design • Design alternatives (done with interface program) • Parametric runs & analysis (may be tailored made)

  10. Simulation Process • DOE-2 output reports • Standard reports • Verification reports + Summary reports • For loads, systems, plant & economics • Hourly reports • Very detailed; for checking by advanced users • Program-specific output • Summary graphs and tables • Customised reports • Errors & diagnostics

  11. Simulation Process • DOE-2 output files & reports • Commonly read summary reports: • LS-A (Space Peak Loads Summary) • SS-A & SS-B (System Monthly Loads Summary) • PS-A (Plant Energy Utilization Sumary) • PS-B (Monthly Peak and Total Energy Use) • PS-E (Monthly Energy End Use Summary) • BEPS (Building Energy Performance Summary)

  12. Design Typical Weather Weather Design Load Calculations Energy Calculations Peak Design Loads Equipment Sizes Building Energy and Plant Capacity Consumption

  13. Input Requirements • Input data • Site data • Building type, location, geometry, construction • Weather data: design weather, weather files • Building data • Surface areas, windows, zoning, room shapes • Building materials, mass, finishes, shades • Operating schedules & profiles • Internal loads, design conditions

  14. Input Requirements • Input data (cont’d) • Building systems • HVAC (air side) system type & performance • Lighting & electrical services • Building plant and equipment • Performance of refrigeration, boiler & other plants • Data for economic analysis • Electricity tariffs/rates, fuel prices • Equipment costs, interest rates

  15. Input Requirements • Model zoning (thermal, not geometric) • Should consider thermal loads (e.g. interior-perimeter), occupancy, lighting type and schedule • For existing buildings, refer to actual zoning • Need to simplify the model • Combine zones with similar load and usage • Intermediate typical floors are modelled as one floor • Combine HVAC systems • Sometimes, use ONE zone to quickly calculate the load

  16. Combine several rooms into one zone

  17. Input Requirements • General rules for zoning • One exterior zone per major orientation (4-5 m deep) • One internal zone per use schedule • One plenum zone (if plenum returns) for each air handler • One zone each for special uses • Separate ground and top floor zones

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