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Fundamentals of Information Architecture and Usability Engineering

Fundamentals of Information Architecture and Usability Engineering. Introductory Lecture david.rashty@gmail.com. Issues covered. Introduction to Information Architecture and Usability Metrics for Usability evaluation and ROI Defining users and tasks

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Fundamentals of Information Architecture and Usability Engineering

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  1. Fundamentals of Information Architectureand Usability Engineering Introductory Lecture david.rashty@gmail.com

  2. Issues covered • Introduction to Information Architecture and Usability • Metrics for Usability evaluation and ROI • Defining users and tasks • Information Clustering, Labeling and Taxonomies • Usability testing methods • Heuristic Evaluation & Usability Labs • Information Architecture lifecycle • Research in the area of CHI and IA • Bibliography for further study

  3. Introduction and Short History

  4. Computer Human Interface Domain User Centered Design (UCD) – (new term) InformationArchitecture (IA) Usability Testing and Evaluation Design and Implementation Computer Human Interface (UI/CHI)

  5. Computer Human Interface - Terms • MMI (Man Machine Interface) • GUI (Graphical User Interface) • CHI (Computer Human Interface) • CHI (Computer Human Interaction) • UCD (User Centered Design) • IA – Information Architecture • PUI – Perceptual User Interface

  6. Harvard Mark I, 1945 • Harvard Mark I • Picture from http://www.maxmon.com/1939ad.htm • 18 meters, 5 tons

  7. 1961 • Stretch • http://www.brouhaha.com/~eric/retrocomputing/ibm/stretch/

  8. 1968

  9. 1970-1980

  10. First GUI 1984, Apple

  11. Windows 2.0 1987

  12. Windows 3.0/11990-1992

  13. Microsoft Bob 1995

  14. Web Mosaic and Netscape 1994-5

  15. Today (1) Wap / XHTML Windows Web Palm

  16. Today (2) Wearable Technology 3D Visual Interfaces

  17. Perceptual User Interface • Multimedia- Use of audio, video, sound (one way only) • Multimodal- Communication is done in all senses • Perceptive- Computer Interface recognize Human emotions and language

  18. Evolution of CHI • 50s - Interface at the hardware level for engineers - switch panels • 60-70s - Interface at the programming level - COBOL, FORTRAN • 70-90s - Interface at the terminal level - command languages • 80s - Interface at the interaction dialogue level - GUIs, multimedia • 90s - Interface at the work setting - networked systems, groupware • 00s - Interface becomes pervasive • RF tags, Bluetooth technology, mobile devices, consumer electronics, interactive screens, embedded technology

  19. Trends in CHI • B & W / Monochrome -> Color • Two Dimensions -> 3D • Textual Interface -> Visual Interface • Single Input -> Multi Perceptual Interface • Machine Language -> Natural Language • Single Screen -> Multi Screen • Big -> Small

  20. Examples

  21. Basic Example

  22. Basic Solution

  23. Information overload

  24. Information overload

  25. Disinformation overload

  26. Information overload

  27. Information overload

  28. Culture Diff 1 News News

  29. Culture Diff 2 Shopping Shopping

  30. Culture Diff 3 Siemens China

  31. Culture Diff 4 Siemens Germany

  32. Culture Diff 5 Siemens Canada

  33. Culture Diff 6 Siemens Saudia Arabia

  34. Terrible designs!

  35. Confusing designs!

  36. Missing Information!

  37. This is hard to read. In fact, many people have gone stone blind from reading horrible pages on Web sites. You could be next! Well, that's a bit of an exaggeration. Please, please, never do this. This is easier to read. The colors may not be very pretty, but they sure are easier to read than the example above. Also avoid colors that look ugly together. Color Problems !

  38. Cognitive Problems !

  39. Eye Tracking Problem !

  40. Focus !

  41. Where the eye goes ?

  42. Inconsistency

  43. Memory…

  44. How bad can it be?

  45. Definitions

  46. AI Definition • Information Architecture is the process of organizing and presenting information in an intuitive and clear manner. • Richard Saul Wurman – “The building of information structures that allow others to understand” • When architects design a house they need to: • Learn about the client’s wishes; • Organize those wishes into a coherent pattern; • Design a house that will meet the occupants’ needs.

  47. CHI Definitions • Computer Human interaction(CHI) is: “concerned with the design, evaluation and implementation of interactive computing systems for human use and with the study of major phenomena surrounding them” (ACM SIGCHI, 1992, p.6) • Usability is “That quality of a system that makes it easy to learn, easy to use and encourages the user to regard the system as a positive help in getting the job done. User A person who uses a system to perform a business function” “The ease with which a user can learn to operate, prepare inputs for, and interpret outputs of a system or component.

  48. Metrics

  49. Usability metrics • Cost of finding(time, clicks, frustration, precision). • Cost of not finding(success, recall, frustration, alternatives). • Cost of development(time, budget, staff, frustration). • Value of learning(related products, services, projects, people).

  50. User experience goals • Satisfying - rewarding • Fun - support creativity • Enjoyable - emotionally fulfilling • Entertaining …and more • Helpful • Motivating • Aesthetically pleasing • Motivating

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