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Mutations

Mutations. http://www.chemistryexplained.com/images/chfa_03_img0589.jpg. mutated base. M utation = A change in an organism’s DNA. Types of mutations: P oint mutation substitutes one nucleotide for another. a. b. c.

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Mutations

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  1. Mutations http://www.chemistryexplained.com/images/chfa_03_img0589.jpg

  2. mutated base • Mutation= A change in an organism’s DNA. • Types of mutations: • Point mutation substitutes one nucleotide for another.

  3. a. b. c. Fig. 5.1 (a) Point mutation in codon number six of the beta -globin gene results in the substitution of the amino acid number glutamine with valine and the formation of haemoglobin S (HbS); (b) Red blood cells in a smear of normal blood containing HbA; (c) crenated and sickle-shaped red blood cells in sickle cell anaemia. • Point mutation example: • Sickle Cell Anemia http://staff.um.edu.mt/acus1/5Mutations.htm

  4. http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/images/sickle_cell_01.jpghttp://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/images/sickle_cell_01.jpg

  5. Frameshift mutation inserts or deletes a nucleotide in the DNA sequence. Example: The Cat Ate The Rat (Remove “e” on 1st “The”)  = Thc Ata Tet Her At

  6. Frameshift mutation example: • Cystic fibrosis https://health.google.com/health/ref/Cystic+fibrosis

  7. Mutations can be caused by several factors: • Replication errors • Mitosis and meiosis errors • Mutagens (such as UV ray and chemicals) • Some cancer drugs • Mutations in body cells do not affect offspring. • Some gene mutations do not affect phenotype (A mutation may be silent) • Mutations in sex cells can be harmful or beneficial to offspring.

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