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Polar Molecules

Polar Molecules. Section 4.4. Polar Bonds. Polar Bonds - look up electronegativity values for each element on the periodic table, then determine the difference: <0.4 non-polar bond 0.5-1.7 polar bond 1.8+ Ionic bond (only if a non-metal and a metal). Examples.

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Polar Molecules

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  1. Polar Molecules Section 4.4

  2. Polar Bonds • Polar Bonds - look up electronegativity values for each element on the periodic table, then determine the difference: • <0.4 non-polar bond • 0.5-1.7 polar bond • 1.8+ Ionic bond (only if a non-metal and a metal)

  3. Examples • Are the following bonds polar? • HBr BH3

  4. Polar Molecules • Polar Molecules – have polar bonds and the molecule is not symmetrical (i.e. the charges are not shared equally around the central atom) Use VSPER • Non-polar molecules – can have polar or non-polar bonds that are equally shared around the central atom.

  5. Empirical Rules for Polar & Non-polar Molecules

  6. Examples • NCl3 • Polar • CO2 • Non-polar • H2O • Polar

  7. Applying VSEPR • Both shape and bond polarity will determine if the molecule is polar. • If the molecule is symmetrical the molecule will be non-polar. • A bond dipole is the new way to show the polar bond (they are vectors…)

  8. A quick review of Vectors = 0

  9. Theoretical Prediction of Molecular Polarity • Draw a Lewis Structure • Use VSEPR to determine the shape around each central atom • Use electronegativities to determine the polarity of each bond. • Add the bond dipole vectors and determine if the resultant is 0 (non-polar) or not 0 (polar)

  10. Examples • Are they polar or non-polar molecules? • SiBr4 • SF2 • BBr3

  11. Today’s Tasks • Pg. 253 #1-3 • Pg. 255-256 #6-10 • Pg. 256 #1-3

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