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Genetics

Genetics. Classic Genetics – Mendelian Genetics Principal of genetics Dominance The principal of independent assortment The principal of segregation Examples: color of flowers – red V.S. white dominant trait V.S. recessive trait complete dominance V.S. incomplete dominance

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Genetics

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  1. Genetics • Classic Genetics – Mendelian Genetics • Principal of genetics • Dominance • The principal of independent assortment • The principal of segregation • Examples: color of flowers – red V.S. white dominant trait V.S. recessive trait complete dominance V.S. incomplete dominance genotype V.S. phenotype homozygous V.S. heterozygous monohybrid V.S. dihybrid gametes and zygotes Punnett square

  2. Gregor Mendel Reference: http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/bio181/BIOBK/BioBookgenintro.html

  3. Crosses With Two TraitsSmooth seeds (S) are dominant over wrinkled (s) seeds.Yellow seed color (Y) is dominant over green (y).

  4. Human Genetics • Single trait genetic inheritance – blood type A B O • Blood type A, B are dominant versus O. • A and B are co-dominant.

  5. Human Genetics – Cont’d Two traits genetic inheritance – TONGUE ROLLING (T) V.S. non-rolling (t) WIDOW’S PEAK (W) V.S. straight hairline (w) Parents (P): TTWW x ttww gametes: TW tw F1 TtWw Heterozygous cross: TtWw x TtWw gametes: TW Tw tW tw TW Tw tW tw F2?

  6. Punnett square – dihybrid cross Phenotype ratio --- 9:3:3:1

  7. Human chromosomes • All but one pair of chromosomes are the same in both males and females. They are designated autosomes. The remaining pair of chromosomes are sex chromosomes. • Human cells have a diploid chromosome number of 46. The nucleus contains 22pairs of autosomes and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (X and Y). • Each chromosome in this karyotype is duplicated and so consists of two sister chromatids.

  8. Male Karyotype Female Karyotype

  9. Karyotype The photos of chromosomes are arranged in order of size and numbered. Chromosomes 23 are the sex chromosomes. Sex Chromosomes XY Male XX Female Or

  10. Genetic Diseases • Tay – Sachs Disease • Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) • Chemochromatosis • Cystic Fibrosis • Colon Cancer • Breast Cancer • Alzheimer’s Disease • Hemophilia • Muscular Dystrophy • Sickle Cell Anemia • Fragile X Syndrome • Turner Syndrome • Down Syndrome • Klinefelter Syndrome • XXY condition • Color Blindness

  11. Sex Linkage • Morgan – the color of eyes in fruit fly. • The sex linkage traits are usually on the X chromosome. • Sex-linked diseases: • Color Blindness • Duplchenne Muscular Dystrophy • Hemophilia • Color blindness genetic inheritance • Muscular dystrophy genetic inheritance

  12. Abnormal Number of Chromosomes • Eduwards Syndrome (Trisomy 18) • Down’s Syndrome (Trisomy 21) • Pata Syndrome (Trisomy 13) • Turner Sundrome (Monosomy X) • Klinefelter Syndrome (XXY) • Crime Syndrome (XYY)

  13. Triploid Set of Chromosomes Trisomy 18 *

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