Pan-European Integration Barometer

1. Pan-European Integration Barometer Dr. Omar Moufakkir Institute for Applied Research www.icptr.com Stenden University

2. Why Europe needs an immigration strategy(Kofi A. Annan, 2004) • One of the biggest tests for the enlarged European Union, in the years and decades to come, will be how it manages the challenge of immigration. If European societies rise to this challenge, immigration will enrich and strengthen them. If they fail to do so, the result may be declining living standards and social division.

3. The EU is not alone in this. Japan, the Russian Federation and South Korea, among others, face similar possible futures – where jobs would go unfilled and services undelivered, as economies shrink and societies stagnate. Immigration alone will not solve these problems, but it is an essential part of any solution.

4. We can be sure that people from other continents will go on wanting to come and live in Europe. In today’s unequal world, vast numbers of Asians and Africans lack the opportunities for self-improvement that most Europeans take for granted. It is not surprising that many of them see Europe as a land of opportunity, in which they long to begin a new life – just as the potential of the new world once attracted tens of millions of impoverished but enterprising Europeans.

5. But Europeans would be unwise to close their doors. That would not only harm their long-term economic and social prospects. It would also drive more and more people to try and come in through the back door – by asking for political asylum (thus overloading a system designed to protect refugees who have fled in fear of persecution), or by seeking the help of smugglers, often risking death or injury in clandestine acts of desperation on boats, trucks, trains and planes.

6. Poor countries can also benefit from migration. Migrants sent at least $88 billion to developing countries in remittances during 2002 – 54% more than the $57 billion those countries received in development aid. It’s a true example of learn them how to fish Not give them a fish

7. Migration is therefore an issue in which all countries have a stake – and which demands greater international cooperation.

8. Managing migration is not only a matter of opening doors and joining hands internationally. It also requires each country to do more to integrate new arrivals. Immigrants must adjust to their new societies – and societies need to adjust too. Only with an imaginative strategy for integrating immigrants can countries ensure that they enrich the host society more than they unsettle it.

9. While each country will approach this issue according to its own character and culture, no one should lose sight of the tremendous contribution that millions of immigrants have already made to modern European societies. Many have become leaders in government, science, academia, sports and the arts. Others are less famous but play an equally vital role. Without them, many health systems would be short-staffed, many parents would not have the home help they need to pursue careers, and many jobs that provide services and generate revenue would go unfilled. Immigrants are part of the solution, not part of the problem.

10. In this twenty-first century, migrants need Europe. But Europe also needs migrants. A closed Europe would be a meaner, poorer, weaker, older Europe. An open Europe will be a fairer, richer, stronger, younger Europe – provided Europe manages immigration well. Fortress Europe: We can’t live in a bubble, can we?

11. All who are committed to Europe’s future, and to human dignity, should therefore take a stand against the tendency to make immigrants the scapegoats for social problems. The vast majority of immigrants are industrious, courageous, and determined. They don’t want a free ride. They want a fair opportunity for themselves and their families. They are not criminals or terrorists. They are law-abiding. They don’t want to live apart. They want to integrate, while retaining their identity.

12. Turks living inGermany From culture shock to culture unrest

14. The rise and fall, and rise and rise of the extreme right in old as well as new nation states is a testimony to the need to revise hospitality in today’s immigration context.

15. A barometer is an instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure. It can measure the pressure exerted by the atmosphere by using water, air, or mercury • In our case we are measuring integration by using internal traditional indicators, plus media use, leisure participation, as well as external indicators related to what immigration sending countries have done in pre-integration phase.

16. The European Integration Barometer (EIB) is an applied research program on perceptions and stereotypes of ethnic minorities with an immigration background in participating European countries.

17. Face-to-face down to earth integration • What are the problems attributed to the ethnic group? • How do they see integration? How do they define it? • How do members of the ethnic group define integration? How do they see integration?

18. Survey1 Components of the barometer Survey2 Survey3 Survey4 • Component I: Traditional data about immigration-integration • unemployment rate, education, social welfare, incarceration data, • Component II: modern immigration-integration indicators • leisure behavior, media use, • Component II: modern immigration-integration indicators, • (a)stereotypes attributed to a minority group by the majority group, • (b)evaluation of these stereotypes by the minority group, • (c)aspirations of how the minority group would like to be perceived, • (d)how does the minority group perceive the majority group. Outcome • Component III: a stereotype diet. • Component V: a perceptions diet. • Component VI: recommendations for policy

19. The regional network will encompass research teams from each participating country. The mission and task of each national research team are to administer survey instruments to compile the required micro-level data under a common research framework and research methodology to ensure that the data is reliable and comparable on the issues of perceptions, stereotypes, leisure participation, tourism participation, and media participation, in addition to the traditional integration indicators which include employment, education, and incarceration statistics.

20. Program overview • Program objectives • Program update • Survey timetable • What’s new

21. As a network of Global Barometer Surveys, the European Barometer Survey requires all country teams to comply with the research protocols which we will develop, test, and prove practical methods for conducting comparative survey research on integration of minority groups in mainstream society.

22. RESEARCH PROTOCOLS • National probability samples • A standard questionnaire instrument • Intensive training of fieldworkers • Face-to-face interviews • quality control • A model Asian Barometer Survey has a sample size of 1200 respondents, which allows a minimum confidence interval of plus or minus 3 percent at 95 percent probability.

23. Survey topics • Survey countries • Survey results • Data release • Publications • Working paper series • Conference papers • Academic output: Books and monographs, journal articles, chapters in edited volumes, presentations at other conferences, seminars, or public events, published works by other scholars citing us.

24. AgingLabour MarketNon Standard EmploymentEducation and Training Development CooperationEU-Eastern EnlargementEvaluation ResearchWomen's Issues Gender MainstreamingYouthDisabled PeopleSocial Policy EU-ProgramsOther Topics Women\'s barometer 2009 Barometer of public opinion industrial quarter (Report, 2006) Migrants in Vienna´s employment market (Research, 2007-2008) Ethnic Businesses in Vienna (2007) Immigration-Integration Research Integration barometer

25. Type of related barometer http://www.arabbarometer.org/index.html The Arab democracy barometer Democracy Barometer projects in East Asia, Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa. (http://www.afrobarometer.org) Support for democratic institutions; Evaluation of democracy in relation to other models of governance, including Islamist and Arab nationalist; Levels and forms of political and civic participation; Participant citizenship and dimensions of political culture, including tolerance, political trust, political interest and political efficacy; Perceptions of state and regime performance and legitimacy; Conceptions and interpretations of Islam; The preferred relationship between religion and politics Religiosity and personal involvement in religious affairs Attitudes toward terrorism and political violence Attitudes towards Middle East International relations

26. How Well Are Immigrants Integrating into German Society? • Limited career prospects • Educational stagnation • Similar values • Media consumption • Social contacts

27. Purpose • The purpose of the integration barometer is to help the municipality to follow the integration development and thus to ensure that they achieve their goals. • The municipality expects to make use of the barometer in an annual report to show the status of the integration efforts, both qualitatively and quantitatively.

28. Integration indicators • labour market integration • educational attainment • language acquisition, and • housing and safety

29. When asked for difficulties encountered when actually using the collected data in practice, the most common reasons given were the data not being up-to-date as well as challenges in interpreting the data.

30. Advice for others that are in the process of, or plan to implement integration indicators is to ‘keep it simple’ and therefore do not focus on too many or too complex indicators. • keeping track of changes in demographical characteristics and regularly monitoring results that can be derived from the actual use of the indicators is essential for a consistent further development in the area of measuring integration.

31. Development of indicators and monitoring of service provision in the field of integration, Finland • The main goals for the project are to design and carry out a monitoring survey for integration service providers and to develop indicators to measure effects of Finnish integration policies.

32. This survey will be part of the overall monitoring and evaluation system for integration and will be carried out approximately every second year. • I don’t believe that large samples are needed, however, different sets of questionnaires are needed. • And therefore multiple studies/perspectives/methods

33. Performance management for social services targeting immigrants under age, Sweden • The suggested model was based on desk studies, interviews with key integration stakeholders and case studies of the current models for monitoring integration effects in the Netherlands, Denmark, Norway and England.

34. Development of an expertise research group • Detection of indicators • Development of an instrument • Development of an expertise regarding integration • Development of a data base • Development of an integration model • Development of policies

35. Advising on evaluation and performance management in integration, Denmark • The project led to an implementable proposal for strengthening the evaluation and continual monitoring and managing of projects aiming at increasing integration of ethnic minorities. Concrete suggestions as to how to combine performance management and ex-post evaluations on a topic crossing the traditional administrative boundaries were made. The suggestions and proposal were presented to the municipal government.

36. We will work with emigration generating countries on pre-integration • Social intake • Cultural orientation • Provide refugees with important knowledge about the host country and reception centre Give refugees a first impression of the Dutch language Establish a social network amongst refugees Mental preparation for departure Findings are shared with staff reception centre

37. Municipal • City • Country • Region • European

38. Secondary data • World values survey • European values survey • Census data • Existing barometers

39. What is the background behind this instrument, why is it important and why is it better than already existing instruments? • What output and outcome can the ministry of labor and the municipality of Vienna expect from this instrument? • Which input is necessary for this instrument (how many interviews, other data, how often ...)? • How much work is needed for developing this instrument in Vienna? • How is the partnership with London going on? Are there interesting crosslinks? Are the partners from London interested in an exchange?

40. Back ground: Integration Comprehensive Research Communication Generatingcountry Receiving country Pre-integration process Integration process Integration Immigrants Natives Labor&Taxes € Remittances Acculturation-assimilation Identity preservation Post-immigration Post-integration Immediate impact & long-term impact: Impact on the World Community

41. INTEGRATION BAROMETER TruthoMeter Stereotypes (Meta) Perceptions POLICY Stereotypes Diet Perceptions Diet Positive INTEGRATION Cultural Social Economic Cosmopolitan

42. A systematic and rigorous empirical research on public Information about integration of immigrants is important for scientific inquiry, for the promotion of democracy, and to dispel the myths and stereotypes that hinder mutual understanding and cooperation to identify prevailing trends, make preliminary comparisons with other world regions.  It will also produce data for outreach and dissemination activities that seek to increase the prospects for successful Majority world-Minority world collaboration and democratic transitions.