The new law of care services

1. The new law of care services Karsten Krüger ICPP - Innovación y Consultoria en Políticas Públicas A paradigm change in the Spanish welfare regime? Familiarisation vs. Professionalisation 1

2. The Spanish welfare regime Objectives of the study analysis of pathways of evolution of the Spanish welfare regime evaluation of the LAPAD based on selected external indicators factors of decisions 2

3. The Spanish welfare regime Changes Characteristics of the old regime family solidarity based on the traditional role of the house-wife & mother Changes in the traditional regime: Phase 1: Substitution of the house wife and mother by other female familiars Phase 2: Increasing contraction of informal female workers (immigrants) Causes changes in the family structure Increasing female Labour market participation rate [see Moreno CSIC] 3

4. The Spanish welfare regime Future Pathways of Change Types of familiarisation Familiarismbydefect Supported familiarism (Economisation) Optional Familiarism De-familiarización (Professionalisation) (see European project: multilink) 4

5. The Spanish welfare regime Future Pathways of Change Towards a new Welfare regime in Spain? The new law advocates for the professionalisation of care services (and social services) Previewed Effect on the Care service sector Growth of the care service sector Increasing formal care labour market Higher care service quality through professionalisation Social Effect more quality of family care more opportunities for women in the labour market 5

6. The New Law of Care services Implementation Types of services Total of 637,739 singular care services recognized (April 2010) Care services: Prevention services and Promotion of Personal Autonomy 00,63% Teleassistance 10,02% Domestic support 11,03% Day and Night centres 05,17% Assistance in residences 17,10% 43,95% Economic support - related to services 06,91% - for familiar care services 49,02% for personal assistance (only at high level of care needs) 00,11% 56,04% 6

7. The New Law of Care services Implementation Care service needs: Previous studies Recognized 2010 High level of dependency 223.457 468.764 Medium level of dependency 420.336 328.222 Low level of dependency 602.636 227.172 Labour Market Previous studies New Work Places New work places previewed 262.735 Residences 58.591 Social services without residence 48.995 TOTAL107.586 Economic Support Recognized Family Care 312.624 Formal Familiar Care workers 119.524 Informal Familiar Care workers 193.100 7

8. Impact on the Welfare Regime LM Segments – Driving Forces 8

9. Impact on the Welfare Regime Optional Familiarisation Decision Factors Point of departure: The decision is made by the families based on cost-benefit estimations (see Bourdieus Capital theory: Economic, Cultural, Social Capital) Decision Factors Family income opportunity costs for a family care worker (lost of income, lost of life quality, transport costs etc.) costs for informal care worker costs for professional care services Economic support for family care services Costs for the professional care services covered by public funding Considerations of quality standards etc.  Hypothesis: These factors can be also applied at the system level to take decision in favour of economic support or the development of service infrastructure. 9

10. Impact on the Welfare Regime Asynchronisation of the Regime Internal Evaluation The data of the SAAD indicates a trend towards a asynchronisation of the Spanish welfare system. The Autonomous Regions which shows in April 2010 in general a better performance then the others tends to have also higher growth rates in the majority of the indicators (Andalucia, Cantabria, Castilla La Mancha, Cataluña, Murcia, La Rioja) The Autonomous Regions which shows in April 2010 in general a worthier performance then the others tends to have also lower growth rates in the majority of the indicators (Asturias, Canarias, Castilla-Leon, Valencia, Galicia, Madrid and Navarra). 10

11. Impact on the Welfare Regime Asynchronisation of the Regime Looking for explanations External indicators: ageing rate urbanisation rate degree of women between 45 and 65 socio-sanitarian employment rate rate of socio-sanitarian enterprises income of population ≥ 65 Calculated in relation to the population ≥ 65 11

12. Impact on the Welfare Regime Asynchronisation of the Regime The available statistical data doesn’t show correlations to the configuration of the new care service system in the different autonomous regions. It seems more a political issue. Canarias, Madrid and Valencia, three of the regions with a less implemented system of care services, are governed by the Popular Party. However there are also socialist governed regions with a less developed system as Asturias. 12

13. Impact on the Welfare Regime Asynchronisation of the Regime The Autonomous Regions, in which the population ≥ 65 has a higher income, tends to have: a higher service rate within the public system a higher coverage rate of socio-sanitarian employment a higher coverage rate of enterprises acting in care services These Autonomous Regions, which dispose of a service infrastructures, has more facilities to development the public system of care services previewed in the new law.

14. Conclusions: Welfare Regime towards an asynchronised Spanish welfare regime [Familiarism by defect, supported familiarism and opcional familiarsm] two general options of change supported vs. optional familiarisation Optional Familiarisation only seems to be a real option in the regions, which still dispose of a private-public service infrastructure formally a good law to promote the professionalisation but too far away from socio-economic reality 14

15. Conclusions Two Pathways Supported familiarization Optional familiarization: Economization Higher Professionalisation (economic incentives for family work) (option for alternative female work) Precondition sufficient financial resources sufficient financial resources basic infrastructure & human resources Effects on care sector low growth of formal care moderate growth of formal care mainly family and informal care low professionalisation degree increasing professionalisation low qualification of care server increasing qualification degree (state regulation) low salaries increasing salaries (collective bargaining) instable work conditions more stable work conditions low costs system moderate cost system low service quality moderate to high service quality 15

16. Thank you for your attention 16

17. Conclusions: Welfare Regime Effects of policies towards optional familiarization In time of crisis Low growth of Growth of family care formal LM and informal LM In time of economic welfare Growth of Reorientation of family care formal LM low growth of informal LM 17

18. Impact on the Welfare Regime Asynchronisation of the Regime Rate of benefits (nº of benefits in % of population > 65) June 08 April 10 growth Madrid 0,0127 0,0567 0,0440 Canarias 0,0145 0,0627 0,0482 Asturias 0,0204 0,0669 0,0465 Com. Valenciana 0,0086 0,0710 0,0624 Galicia 0,0253 0,0790 0,0537 Castillay León 0,0226 0,0810 0,0585 Balears 0,0087 0,0859 0,0772 Extremadura 0,0255 0,0937 0,0682 Navarra 0,0506 0,0937 0,0431 TOTAL 0,0308 0,1024 0,0716 País Vasco 0,0316 0,1026 0,0710 Ceuta y Melilla 0,0525 0,1034 0,0509 Aragón 0,0466 0,1052 0,0586 Cataluña 0,0294 0,1152 0,0858 Castilla La Mancha 0,0368 0,1164 0,0796 Cantabria 0,0390 0,1287 0,0896 Murcia 0,0308 0,1322 0,1014 Rioja 0,0542 0,1390 0,0848 Andalucía 0,0670 0,1734 0,1064 18