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Extracts from UN Security Council Resolution 1441, 8 November 2002. UNMOVIC was the new inspection team (United Nations Monitoring, Verifying and Inspection Commission). IAEA is the International Atomic Energy Authority, the UN agency which provides most of the experts for the inspection programme. 1. Iraq has been and remains in material breach of prior Security Council resolutions. 2. The resolution gives Iraq a final opportunity to comply with its disarmament obligations and establish an enhanced inspections regime. Iraq is obliged to deliver within 30 days (December 8, 2002) a currently accurate, full, and complete declaration of all aspects of its programs to develop weapons of mass destruction and delivery systems. 3. False statements or omissions in declarations required by the resolution and failure by Iraq to comply with and co-operate fully in the implementation of the resolution shall constitute a further material breach of Iraq’s obligations. 4. The Council demands that Iraq co-operate immediately, unconditionally and actively with UNMOVIC and IAEA. 5. The Security Council recalled that it has repeatedly warned Iraq that it will face serious consequences as a result of its continued violations of obligations under Security Council resolutions.
Learning Objectives • Investigate evidence relating to whether the invasion of Iraq was legal or illegal. • Practice source analysis skills when studying extracts from the UN security council resolution. • Evaluate evidence on the legality of the war and practice exam technique
Was the invasion of Iraq legal? • Why is there controversy over the legality of the invasion of Iraq? • Look at the arguments on both sides of this question. What is your assessment? • Was there grounds enough to justify military action against Saddam Hussein? • Did the US and UK deliberately choose not to have a second UN resolution as they knew it would be rejected?