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Paper Title Optimal Power Flow Considering Wheeling Charges By

بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ندوة التعريفات الكهربائيّة – الرياض 17-18 يناير 2008. Paper Title Optimal Power Flow Considering Wheeling Charges By. Outline :. Introduction OPF Classical OPF in Deregulation Wheeling Charge Definition. Wheeling Charge Methods Bialek Tracing Algorithms

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Paper Title Optimal Power Flow Considering Wheeling Charges By

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  1. بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم ندوة التعريفات الكهربائيّة – الرياض 17-18 يناير 2008 Paper Title Optimal Power Flow Considering Wheeling Charges By

  2. Outline: • Introduction • OPF • Classical • OPF in Deregulation • Wheeling Charge • Definition. • Wheeling Charge Methods • Bialek Tracing Algorithms • Software Algorithm • Case Study • Conclusion ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  3. Power transmission engineers perform many system studies … Stability, Transmission Expansion, Protection, OPF, etc. with objective functions suitable to vertically integrated electricity sectors. Continuing trend towards deregulation and unbundling of electricity sectors has resulted in the need to reformulate many of power system objectives. Optimal Power Flow OPF problem has to be reformulated in order to incorporate other objectives that resulted from deregulation such as “Wheeling Chargers”. Introduction ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  4. Classical OPF • The classical OPF problem is a constrained optimization problem. • Two types of variables appear in this problem, • state variables, denoted x, and • control variables denoted u . • The state variables consist of bus voltage magnitudes and angles. • The control variables consist of adjustable quantities such as generator MW, terminal voltage, and transformer taps. ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  5. The mathematical formulation of the classical OPF problem is the following • Minimize c(x,u) • Subject to : g(x,u)=0 • The function is typically generation cost. • The equality constraints g(x,u)=0 result from Kirchhoff’s current law. They are written as real and reactive power balance equations at each network node. • The inequality constraints f(x,u)<=0 model physical and operational limits on the system components. ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  6. OPF Output L2=60MW+j20MVR A B L2=50MW+j10MVR L2=70MW+j30MVR ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  7. Gen. W & Var 55.68MW+22.58Mvar 128.091MW+19.947Mvar L2=60MW+j20MVR A B L2=50MW+j10MVR L2=70MW+j30MVR ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  8. Terminal Volt. 55.68MW+22.58Mvar 128.091MW+19.947Mvar L2=60MW+j20MVR A B 1.03@-3.198 1.077@-2.79 1.1@0 1.07@-2.681 1.034@-5.255 L2=50MW+j10MVR L2=70MW+j30MVR ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  9. Lines Flow 55.68MW+22.58Mvar 128.091MW+19.947Mvar L2=60MW+j20MVR A B 1.03@-3.198 1.077@-2.79 1.1@0 19MW 2.6Mvar 84.1MW 11.5Mvar 9.7MW 4.8Mvar 28.8MW 10.8Mvar 42.6MW 14.3Mvar 1.07@-2.681 1.034@-5.255 L2=50MW+j10MVR L2=70MW+j30MVR ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  10. OPF In Deregulation Genco Genco Genco • Consider a power system in which the generation, transmission and distribution services are unbundled. • In this structure, we have competing generation companies, (GENCOS), the regional transmission is operated by an independent system operator (ISO), and the customers are the distribution companies (DISCOS) as well as some large industrial loads. • The role of the ISO is to manage the transmission system such that reliable power is provided to the users at a minimum price. Transco Tie lines Disco Disco ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  11. OPF In Deregulation • The OPF objective in deregulation environment has to be Objective = Minimize (Fuel Cost + Wheeling Charges) ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  12. Wheeling Def. • The term of wheeling is defined as “The use of transmission or distribution facilities of a system to transmit power of and for another entity or entities.” • Wheeling costs when applied to a transmission network, also called transmission costs, are the costs charged against generator companies and suppliers for their use of the transmission services. ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  13. Wheeling Charges Methods LA=60MW+j20MVR A B LB=60MW+j20MVR ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  14. Wheeling Charges Methods LA=60MW+j20MVR A B LB=60MW+j20MVR ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  15. Wheeling Charges Methods LA=60MW+j20MVR A B A B B B LB=60MW+j20MVR ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  16. From Previous Example: • It is not fare that Trans. Company charge Supplier (A) similar amount as Supplier (B) even though they generate same amount of Power??? “Postage stamp method”. • The usage of transmission network is vary from supplier to supplier based on suppliers and customers locations . • Fair Usage-Based Transmission’s cost allocation methods should be adopted for example “MW-Mile Method”. ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  17. MW-Mile Method • Power flow calculations are used to determine the actual paths that the power follows through the network. • This amount of MW is then multiplied by agreed per-unit cost of transmission capacity to get wheeling charge. • How to allocate the cost? • From engineering point of view, it is possible and acceptable to apply approximate models or sensitivity indices to estimate the contributions to the network flows from individual users such as Bialek Tracing Algorithm ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  18. Bialek Tracing Algorithm • Is design for recovery of fixed transmission cost in a pool based market • The basic assumption used by tracing algorithms is the proportional sharing principle. • it is assumed that the nodal inflows are shared proportionally among the nodal outflows. • Extensive studies have shown its capability and efficiency in allocating transmission usage charge among different generators or loads. ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  19. Bialek Mathematical Model ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  20. Suppliers Contributions 55.68MW+22.58Mvar 128.091MW+19.947Mvar L2=60MW+j20MVR A B 1.03@-3.198 1.077@-2.79 1.1@0 1 19MW 2.6Mvar 84.1MW 11.5Mvar 9.7MW 4.8Mvar 28.8MW 10.8Mvar 42.6MW 14.3Mvar 2 5 1.07@-2.681 1.034@-5.255 L2=50MW+j10MVR L2=70MW+j30MVR ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  21. Suppliers Contributions 55.68MW+22.58Mvar 128.091MW+19.947Mvar L2=60MW+j20MVR A B 1.03@-3.198 1.077@-2.79 1.1@0 1 19MW 2.6Mvar 84.1MW 11.5Mvar 9.7MW 4.8Mvar 28.8MW 10.8Mvar 42.6MW 14.3Mvar 2 5 1.034@-5.255 1.07@-2.681 L2=50MW+j10MVR L2=70MW+j30MVR ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  22. Suppliers Contributions 55.68MW+22.58Mvar 128.091MW+19.947Mvar L2=60MW+j20MVR A B 1.03@-3.198 1.077@-2.79 1.1@0 1 19MW 2.6Mvar 84.1MW 11.5Mvar 9.7MW 4.8Mvar 28.8MW 10.8Mvar 4.388MW 42.6MW 14.3Mvar 2 5 1.034@-5.255 1.07@-2.681 L2=50MW+j10MVR L2=70MW+j30MVR ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  23. Suppliers Contributions 55.68MW+22.58Mvar 128.091MW+19.947Mvar L2=60MW+j20MVR A B 1.03@-3.198 1.077@-2.79 1.1@0 1 19MW 2.6Mvar 84.1MW 11.5Mvar 9.7MW 4.8Mvar 28.8MW 10.8Mvar 4.388MW 42.6MW 14.3Mvar 38.292MW 2 5 1.034@-5.255 1.07@-2.681 L2=50MW+j10MVR L2=70MW+j30MVR ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  24. Suppliers Contributions 55.68MW+22.58Mvar 128.091MW+19.947Mvar L2=60MW+j20MVR A B 1.03@-3.198 1.077@-2.79 1.1@0 1 19MW 2.6Mvar 84.1MW 11.5Mvar 9.7MW 4.8Mvar 28.8MW 10.8Mvar 4.388MW 42.6MW 14.3Mvar 38.292MW 2 5 1.034@-5.255 1.07@-2.681 L2=50MW+j10MVR L2=70MW+j30MVR ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  25. Suppliers Contributions 55.68MW+22.58Mvar 128.091MW+19.947Mvar L2=60MW+j20MVR A B 1.03@-3.198 1.077@-2.79 1.1@0 1 19MW 2.6Mvar 84.1MW 11.5Mvar 9.7MW 4.8Mvar 28.8MW 10.8Mvar 84.1 MW 4.388MW 42.6MW 14.3Mvar 38.292MW 2 5 1.034@-5.255 1.07@-2.681 L2=50MW+j10MVR L2=70MW+j30MVR ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  26. Suppliers Contributions 55.68MW+22.58Mvar 128.091MW+19.947Mvar L2=60MW+j20MVR A B 1.03@-3.198 1.077@-2.79 1.1@0 1 19MW 2.6Mvar 84.1MW 11.5Mvar 9.7MW 4.8Mvar 28.8MW 10.8Mvar 84.1 MW 0.0 MW 4.388MW 42.6MW 14.3Mvar 38.292MW 2 5 1.034@-5.255 1.07@-2.681 L2=50MW+j10MVR L2=70MW+j30MVR ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  27. Where does the OPF play a role in all of this??? ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  28. In Centralized or pool-based trading system, producers and customers submit their bids and offers to the system operator, who also acts as market operator. • The system operator which must be independent from all the other parties, selects the bids and offers based on OPF calculation that optimally clear the market while respecting the security constraints imposed by the transmission network. ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  29. Developed Software Network Data Optimization Algorithm POS Objective Function Propose a solutions Run Newton Raphson LF Revise solutions Using PSO Subroutine Power Flow Result Run Bialek Model To find each Gen contribution for all lines No Check for optimal yes Calculate the fuel cost + wheeling cost Print Result ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  30. Case Study • 6-Bus system • Two Objective Function • F1=Minimize (fuel cost) • F2=minimize (fuel cost+ wheeling cost) • Output: • Transmission Cost allocation • Fuel cost • Total cost ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  31. Simulation Result ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  32. Simulation Result ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  33. Conclusion • This paper uses optimization technique as the dispatch algorithm for the economic dispatch problem, considering the wheeling charges. • The wheeling charges are calculated with a power flow based MW-Mile approach, where the power tracing from each generator is carried out using the Bialek’s tracing method. ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  34. The proposed OPF algorithm is tested on a small test system, showing that the optimization algorithm is capable of dealing with non-linear and multi-objective problems. • The OPF algorithm can be scaled up as a useful tool for transmission companies to dispatch power at the least possible cost, where the cost to be minimized includes both fuel and wheeling cost. ندوة التعريفات الكهربائية

  35. Thank you The Floor is Open for Discussion

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