Definition of Revolution:

1. Definition of Revolution: • a sudden or complete change in something • a radical and pervasive change in society and the social structure • an overthrow and replacement of an established government or political system by the people governed “Every revolution was first a thought in one man’s mind.”   - Ralph Waldo Emerson At The Bell: What do you think needs to be present in a society in order for a revolution to occur? What is happening in society? (in other words, why would people be unhappy enough to push for revolution?)

2. Revolutions occur when: •   pressure groups organize for reform, • allegiance of the intellectuals switches, • class antagonisms increase, • governments are short of money, • governments are inefficient and • the governed are impatient.

3. Crane Brinton, a French Historian and Harvard professor, wrote the text The Anatomy of Revolution in 1938. In it he compares the dynamics of revolution to a fever or disease: • The revolutionary “fever” begins with the appearance of certain “symptoms” • It proceeds to a “crisis” stage • The crisis escalates to “delirium” ends when the “fever” breaks • A period of “recuperation” follows, interrupted by a “relapse” or two before the recovery is complete.

4. Symptoms Revolutionary Fever • Delirium • Crisis • Relapse & • Recuperation

5. Fill out the “revolutionary fever chart” with information from the handout titled France: The Road to Revolution and the video on the French Revolution

6. What to look for… • Symptoms = causes • Crisis = escalation to revolution • Delirium = moderates vs radicals • Relapse = strong leader unites people and grabs power • Recuperation= moderate minds prevail, a new definition of “normal” is established

7. The Estates-General tradition is for each estate to have ONE vote Clergy 1st Estate 1 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 1 1 Commoners 3rd Estate

8. The Third Estate delegates suggest that each delegate receives ONE VOTE! Clergy 1st Estate 300 Aristocracy 2nd Estate 300 648 Commoners 3rd Estate

9. Symptoms = causes • Enlightenment ideas • Social inequality • Weak leadership • Economic crisis

10. Crisis = the escalation • Estates General called • Third Estate demands reform • National Assembly declared • Storming the Bastille • Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen • March of the Women • National Assembly reforms

11. Delirium = radical phase • Prussia and Austria invade France • French Republic established • King dethroned • Convention set up • King put on trial and executed • Reign of Terror

12. Relapse = reactionary phase • Robespierre arrested and executed • The Directory takes over • Napoleon stages a coup, imposes new constitution, anddeclares himself first consul