Information Systems and Databases

1. Information Systems and Databases Database Management System 1

2. What is DBMS? • It is a software that manages the databases • Set of programs to access, modify and maintain the data

3. What is database? • It is a collection of related data • The database is a single, large repository of data which is defined once and used simultaneously by many departments and users. • The database holds not only the organization’s operational data, but, in addition it holds a description of data. • Self describing collection of integrated records.

4. What is database? • Some examples of databases you may encounter in your daily life are: • a telephone book • T.V. Guide • airline reservation system • motor vehicle registration records • papers in your filing cabinet • files on your computer hard drive. 

5. Data vs. information:What is the difference? What is data? What is information? data that have been organized and communicated in a coherent and meaningful manner data is converted into information – processed data • raw facts • unprocessed information

6. Characteristics of data • Sufficient capacity- dbms primary function is to store large amounts of information. • Adequate security- data are valuable, it must be protected. • Multi-user environment- accessible to many users • Effectiveness- quick access • Scalability- flexible and easily adaptable

7. Characteristics of data • User friendliness- dbms are not just for programmers and technical people - Data must be easy to manipulate

8. Information System (IS) • It refers to a system of people, data records and activities that process the data and information in an organization, and it includes the organization’s manual and automated processes. • It refers to the specific application software that is used to store data records in a computer system and automates some of the information processing activities of the organization.

9. TYPES of Information Systems • Transaction Processing Systems • Airline Reservation Systems, Banking Systems, or the Accounting System • Management Information Systems • Online bill pay at a bank, computer system used to process orders for a business, websites that process transactions for an organization or even those that serve support requests to users • Decision Support Systems • applications for analysis of sales revenue, marketing information, insurance claims, and catalog sales. 

10. TYPES of Information Systems • Expert Systems •  expert systems for mortgages, computer baseball games Earl Weaver Baseball and Tony La Russa Baseball  • Office Automation • Office platform with biztalk, CRM: Salesforce.com , Case Management • Business Intelligence • Applications can provide ad hoc access to a single piece of data, such as monthly sales figures. Or they can be mission-critical, Web-enabled engines used to drive business processes.

11. TYPES of Information Systems • Pfizer - Datastage utility to allow replication on the fly using the Internet's file transfer protocol so the system can support frequent updates, • Dallas Teachers Credit Union (DTCU), for example, used geographical data analysis - which draws information about the physical location of bank customers or prospective customers 

12. Functions of a DBMS • Data storage, retrieval and update • A DBMS must furnish users with the ability to store, retrieve and update data in the database.

13. Functions of a DBMS • A user-accessible catalog • A DBMS must furnish a catalog in which descriptions of data items are stored and which is accessible to users. • The system catalog stores: • Names, types and sizes of data items • Relationship

14. Functions of a DBMS • Transaction Support • A DBMS must furnish a mechanism which will ensure that either all the updates corresponding to a given transaction are made or that none of them are made. • Concurrency control Services • A DBMS must furnish a mechanism to ensure that the database is updated correctly when multiple users are updating the database concurrently.

15. Functions of a DBMS • Recovery Services • A DBMS furnish a mechanism for recovering the database in the event that the database is damaged in any way. • Authorization Services • A DBMS must furnish a mechanism to ensure that only authoring users can access the database. • Support for data communication • A DBMS must be capable of integrating with communication software.

16. Functions of a DBMS • Integrity services • A DBMS must furnish a means to ensure that both the data in the database and changes to the data follow certain rules. • Services to promote data independence • A DBMS must include facilities to support the independence of programs from the actual structure of the database.

17. Functions of a DBMS • Utility services • A DBMS should provide a set of utility services. • Import facilities • Monitoring facilities • Statistical Analysis Programs

18. Features commonly offered by database management systems include • Query ability- It is the process of requesting attribute information from various perspectives and combination of factors. • Back up and Replication- copies of attributes need to be made regularly in case primary disks or other equipment fails. • Rule Enforcement- often one wants to apply rules to attributes so that the attributes are clean and reliable.

19. Features commonly offered by database management systems include • Security- It is desirable to limit who can see or change which attributes or group of attributes. • Computation- there are common computations requested in attributes such as counting, summing, averaging, sorting, grouping etc. • Changes and Access Logging- Logging services allow this by keeping a record of access occurrences and changes. • Automated optimization- DBMS can adjust themselves to improve the speed of those interactions.

20. MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE DBMS ENVIRONMENT • Hardware- It can range from a single personal computer, to mainframe, to a network of computers. • Software- The software component comprises the DBMS software itself and the application programs, together with the operating system, including network software if the DBMS is being used over a network. • Data- raw facts

21. MAJOR COMPONENTS OF THE DBMS ENVIRONMENT • Procedures- refer to the instructions and rules that govern the design and use of the database. • These may consist of instructions on how to: • Use a particular DBMS facility or application program. • Start and stop the DBMS • Make backup copies or software failures • Handle hardware or software failures • People- manages the database.

22. Four Distinct Types of People that participate in the DBMS environment • Data and Database Administrator- is responsible for the management of the data resource including database planning, development and maintenance of standards and procedures and conceptual/ logical database design. • Database Designer-is concerned with identifying the data, the relationships between the data, and the constraints of the data to be stored.

23. Four Distinct Types of People that participate in the DBMS environment • Application Programmers- the application programs that provide the required functionality for the end-users must be implemented. • End-users- these are the clients for the database • Naïve users- are typically unaware of the DBMS • Sophisticated users- is familiar with the structure of the database and the facilities offered by the DBMS.

24. Thank You.. End of presentation