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Intelligent Agents

Intelligent Agents. R & N Chapter 2. Rationality. “A rational agent is one that acts so as to achieve the best outcome or, when there is uncertainty, the best expected outcome.” What does “best” mean? What’s the outcome? How much does it cost to get it?

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Intelligent Agents

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  1. Intelligent Agents R & N Chapter 2

  2. Rationality • “A rational agent is one that acts so as to achieve the best outcome or, when there is uncertainty, the best expected outcome.” • What does “best” mean? • What’s the outcome? • How much does it cost to get it? • How can we compute the best expected outcome? • Bounded rationality (satisficing search)

  3. PEAS Descriptions and State Space Search • PEAS: What’s observable in the world **Given by the task • Performance Measure • Environment • Actuators • Sensors • State space search: Internal reasoning **Created by designer • States • Initial state • Goal state(s) • Successor function • Costs (of paths and/or states)

  4. How Do They Relate? • Criminal defense lawyer Perry Mason style: • PEAS: What’s observable in the world • Performance Measure • Environment • Actuators • Sensors • State space search: Internal reasoning • States • Initial state • Goal state(s) • Successor function • Costs (of paths and/or states)

  5. How Do They Relate? • Driving to California: • PEAS: What’s observable in the world • Performance Measure • Environment • Actuators • Sensors • State space search: Internal reasoning • States • Initial state • Goal state(s) • Successor function • Costs (of paths and/or states)

  6. PEAS Examples Perf Envir Acts Sensors Measure Robot soccer player Internet book-shopping agent Autonomous Mars rover Mathematicians’s assistant Ask Jeeves School lunch planning

  7. Performance Measures • Two kinds of considerations: • Where do we end up? • How much does it cost (in time, gas, or whatever) to get there? • Sometimes only one of these matters, sometimes they both do. • Examples: • Just 1 matters: • Just 2 matters: • Both 1 and 2 matter:

  8. Is the Solution a Path or a State? Sometimes the solution is a state: But sometimes we need to output the best path that we found:

  9. Characterizing the Environment Obs Det Epi Static Disc Agents Complexity Soccer player Defense lawyer Ask Jeeves

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