Chapter 2 The Properties of Matter

1. Chapter 2 The Properties of Matter What is Matter?

2. Matter and Volume • Matter- Anything that has mass and takes up space. • Everything in the universe that you can see is made up of matter. • Volume- The amount of space taken up, or occupied, by an object. • Because objects have volume, they cannot occupy the same space at the same time.

3. Liquid Volume • Units for Liquid Volume • L • mL • cm3 • Measuring Liquid Volume • Use graduated cylinder– more accurate • Meniscus – the curve at a liquids surface • Read liquid measurements from the bottom of the meniscus.

4. Solid Volume • Regularly Shaped Objects • Units for solids • cm3 units (having 3 sides) • Volume = length (l) x width (w) x height (h) • Irregularly Shaped Objects • Same units as above • Use water displacement method. • Submerge object in a known amount of water and read the level change. • 1 mL = 1 cm3

5. Matter and Mass • Mass– the amount of matter in an object. • The more matter in the object, the greater the mass • Mass of an object is the same regardless of the object’s location in the universe. • Mass vs. Weight • Mass and weight do NOT have the same meaning. • Weight– the measure of gravitational force exerted on an object. • Will change with location in the universe

6. MASS Measure of the amount of matter in an object Always the same regardless of location in universe Measured using a balance Expressed in grams WEIGHT Measure of graviatational force on an object Changes based on location in the universe Measured using a scale Expressed in Newtons(N) Difference Between Mass and Weight

7. Inertia • Inertia- the tendency of an object to resist a change in motion. • The object will remain at rest until something causes the object to move. • A moving object will continue moving at the same speed and in the same direction unless something acts on the object to change speed or direction

8. Mass: The Measure of Inertia • Mass is the measure of inertia • An object with a large mass is harder to get moving and is harder to stop

9. 1.2 Physical Properties • A Physical Property of matter can be observed or measured without changing the matter’s identity. • Examples: • color • Melting and boiling points • mass • Conduct electricity • Strength • Flexibility • State – solid, liquid, or gas • Density – the amount of mass in a given volume • Solubility • Ductility – ability to be draw into wires • Malleability – ability to be hammered into sheets

10. Physical Properties Viscosity - A liquid’s resistance to flow Malleable– Can be hammered into thin sheets

11. Density • Density is a physical property that describes the relationship between mass and volume. • Density- the amount of matter in a given space or volume. • Basketball vs. bowling ball. • They both are the same size, but the bowling ball has more mass. • Since it has more mass, it has a greater density

12. Density Continued • Denser liquids go to the bottom of the container. • Think of vinegar and oil salad dressing • Density of solids. • Would you rather carry 1kg of feathers or 1kg of lead? • The lead would be much smaller to carry around. • An object will float on water if it is less dense that water • The object will sink if it is more dense than water.

13. Density Continued • To find density, you must first measure the mass and volume of the object. • The formula is: • Density = mass D = m volume V • The unit will be g/cm3 . You may also see kg/m3 or kg/L

14. Density Continued • What is the density of an object whose mass is 25g and whose volume is 10 cm3? • Suppose you have a lead ball whose mass is 454 g and density is 11.35 g/cm3. What is the volume of the ball?

15. Density Continued • What is the mass of a 15 mL sample of mercury with a density of 13.55 g/mL? • A graduated cylinder contains 25 mL of water. When a 4.5 g paper clip is dropped into the water, the water level rises to 36 mL. What is the density of the paper clip?

16. 1.3 Chemical Properties • Chemical Properties -Describes matter based on its ability to change into new matter that has ________ properties. • Wood is flammable. (Ability to burn) • Reactivity- the ability of two or more substances to combine. • Iron combines with water and oxygen to form rust.

17. Physical Changes • Physical changes do not form new substances. • Physical change- A change that affects one or more physical properties of a substance. • Examples include: • silver shaped into jewelry • Cutting a piece of wood • Tearing a piece of paper • Dissolving sugar in water • Cutting or braiding hair

18. Characteristic Properties • Characteristic properties- These properties are always the same no matter what amount you have. • Chemical change- Occurs when one or more substances are changed into new substances that have new and different properties. • When you bake a cake, you combine flour, sugar, eggs, and several other ingredients. The product is the cake. You cannot unbake the cake and return to the original ingredients.

19. Signs of a Chemical Change • Several signs indicate a chemical change has taken place. These include: • Change in color • Change in odor • production of heat • fizzing and foaming, or bubbling • or formation of a precipitate (solid) • When you bake a cake you smell it baking, you see it browning, and when you cut it open you can see pockets of gas.

20. Color Change Copper will form a patina when exposed to moist air

21. Production of a Gas Carbon Dioxide gas forms when baking soda is mixed with vinegar.

22. Formation of a Precipitate Curds in cottage cheese form when acid is added to milk

23. Composition • Composition- The type of matter that makes up the object and the way that the matter is arranged in the object. • Physical changes will not change the composition of the material. • Chemical changes will change the composition of the material.