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Chapter 27 Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

Chapter 27 Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA). At any one time up to 50% of persons are asymptomatic carriers of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) bacteria

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Chapter 27 Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

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  1. Chapter 27Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)

  2. At any one time up to 50% of persons are asymptomatic carriers of Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus) bacteria • Clinical disease due to S. aureus results from the complex interaction of bacterial virulence and host susceptibility factors • S. aureus is a common cause of infectious disease in persons of all ages

  3. S. aureus are • gram positive organisms • have a characteristic “grape-like” microscopic evaluation • have a thick cell wall

  4. S. aureus virulence factors include • bacterial surface proteins that facilitate binding to host tissues and hinder the host's immune response. • enzymes that directly toxic to host cells • "superantigens" that can induce an overwhelming systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS)

  5. Impetigo Folliculitis cellulites soft tissue abscesses. necrotizing fasciitis osteomylitis Discitis septic arthritis. Endocarditis pneumonia surgical site, prosthetic and intravascular device infections. toxin-associated gastroenteritis Staphylococcal. staphylococcal toxic shock syndrome (TSS) Infections associated with S. aureus include

  6. Penicillinase resistant penicillins such as dicloxiccilin Cephalosporins Vancomycin Clindamycin Trimothprim-Sulfamethoxazole Linezolid Daptomycin Macrolides Flouroquinolones Antibiotics that can be used against S. aureus include but a particular colony can be resisitant to some or all of these antibiotics

  7. In comparison to HA-MRSA, CA-MRSA have the following characteristics • More virulent • Can be seen in young, healthy persons • More likely to express Panton –Valentine leukocidin (PVL), a highly destructive bacterial toxin • Less likely to exhibit drug resistance to multiple antibiotics

  8. Possible causes of rise of CA-MRSA • Widespread use of antibiotics, often without adequate indications, in both hospital and outpatient settings • Use of antibiotics in various areas of food production has also been implicated

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