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INFORMATION SYSTEM APPLICATIONS

INFORMATION SYSTEM APPLICATIONS. System Development Life Cycle. PRIMARY OBJECTIVES. Explain the phases in the system development life cycle Identify the guidelines for system development

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INFORMATION SYSTEM APPLICATIONS

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  1. INFORMATION SYSTEM APPLICATIONS System Development Life Cycle

  2. PRIMARY OBJECTIVES • Explain the phases in the system development life cycle • Identify the guidelines for system development • Discuss the importance of project management, feasibility assessment, information gathering techniques and documentation

  3. PRIMARY OBJECTIVES (cont.) • Describe how structured tools such as data flow diagrams and entity-relationship diagrams are used in analysis and design • Identify program development as part of the system development life cycle

  4. WHAT IS THE SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE? • Organized set of activities used to guide those involved through the development of an information system

  5. Phases in the system development life cycle (SDLC) • Planning • Analysis • Design • Implementation • Support

  6. System Life Cycle System Study Design Project definition Programming Installation Evaluate+ Maintenance

  7. Who participates in the system development life cycle? • Project team • Users • Information systems personnel • Systems analyst • Programmers • Steering committee

  8. Project management • Scope • Project plan • Gantt chart

  9. Feasibility assessment • Operational feasibility • Will the system work in their environment? • Schedule feasibility • Are project deadlines reasonable? • Technical feasibility • Do they have the resources to support the system – people, hardware, software? • Economic feasibility • Does it make economic sense?

  10. Documentation • Project notebook - entire collection of documentation • Project dictionary - an automated project notebook

  11. Data and information gathering techniques • Reviewing current system documentation • Observation • Questionnaires • Interviews • Joint-application design (JAD) sessions • Researching

  12. Analysis Phase • Activities/Tasks: • Fact Gathering • Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) : Used to document the flow of information through an information system and identify problem areas.

  13. Analysis Phase • Activities/Tasks: • Process Description: Used to define the internal workings of a process on the DFD. • Data Dictionary : Used to document the data definitions and formats.

  14. Analysis Phase • Activities/Tasks: • Data Modeling: Designing the necessary databases and specifying how they may be accessed. • System Modeling: Using requirements to create actual plans for the new information system. • Project Management: The process of controlling the project to ensure schedules are met, estimates are updated, and costs are contained.

  15. Detailed Analysis • Study the current system • Identify the users’ wants, needs, and requirements • Present alternative solutions

  16. Detailed Analysis • Structured Analysis and Design Tools • Data Flow Diagrams • Structured Analysis (HIPO charts) • Work Break Down Structure • Entity Relationship Diagrams • Decision Tables • Decision Trees • Data Dictionary

  17. Design phase activities • Covert DFDs into structure charts (Hierarchical diagram of program modules) • User Interface design (Input/Output) • Forms • Data base design • Structured walkthroughs • Design Testing Procedures

  18. Detailed Design of Software • Database design • Data store in DFD • Logical modeling (ER - diagrams) • Normalization (Data redundancy & integrity) • Data security • Program Design • Program Specification package • System Flowchart

  19. Detailed Design of Software • CASE tools Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) • Graphics • Prototyping • Quality assurance • Code generators

  20. Detailed Design • Quality review • Necessary to double-check assumptions and design • Structured walkthrough

  21. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE – SDLC #4 Develop programs • Install and test the new system • Train and educate users • Convert to the new system

  22. Develop programs • Program development life cycle (PDLC) • Analyze • Design the programs • Code • Test the programs • Maintain the programs

  23. Implementation Phase • Install and test the new system • System test - verify that all programs work and work together • Integration test - verify that an application works with other application in the system • Acceptance test - performed by users with real data • Types of testing varies

  24. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE – SDLC #4 • Train and educate users • Classroom-style lectures • One-on-one sessions • User manuals • CAI

  25. IMPLEMENTATION PHASE – SDLC #4 • Convert to the new system • Direct • Parallel • Phased • Pilot conversion old New old New Old New

  26. SUPPORT PHASE – SDLC #5 • Conduct post-implementation system review • Identify errors • Identify enhancements • Monitor performance

  27. Questions and comments?

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