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The BREAK-UP of YUGOSLAVIA

The BREAK-UP of YUGOSLAVIA. Josip Broz Tito “Brotherhood and Unity”. Slovene/Catholic 91% Croat/Catholic 3% Serb/E Ortho 2%. Croat/Catholic 78% Serb/E Ortho 12%. Muslims (43.7%) Croats/Catholic (17.3%) Serbs/E Ortho (31.4 %). Serb/ E Ortho 63% Montenegrin/ E Ortho 6%

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The BREAK-UP of YUGOSLAVIA

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  1. The BREAK-UP of YUGOSLAVIA

  2. Josip Broz Tito“Brotherhood andUnity”

  3. Slovene/Catholic 91% Croat/Catholic 3% Serb/E Ortho 2% Croat/Catholic 78% Serb/E Ortho 12% Muslims (43.7%) Croats/Catholic (17.3%) Serbs/E Ortho (31.4 %) Serb/ E Ortho 63% Montenegrin/ E Ortho 6% Albanian/Muslim 14% Hungarian/Catholic 4% Bosnia: 40% of urban couples ethnically mixed Patterns of Ethnic Settlement Facilitated the Conflict and Break-up 66% Macedonian/E Ortho 23% Albanian/Muslim 2% Serb/E Ortho 4% Turk/Muslim

  4. Key to the conflict • World underestimated • the power and violence of appeals to ethnicity and nationalism • Milosevic • purged moderates • played upon old fears/animosities • engaged in specific policies designed to • perpetuate the fear and • SEGREGATE the populations and REDRAW national boundaries to their own advantage • specifically calculated the West’s inability/reluctance to get involved

  5. With the rise of Gorbachev and liberalization of relations with USSR • Yugoslavia was no longer a crucial link to US foreign policy • Fear precedent of break-up • US and West was focused on Persian Gulf • WEST not prepared to deal with conflicting goals: integrity of state v. self determination

  6. Which is a more appropriate goal? To protect state sovereignty? Borders? To allow all groups to have self-determination and independent nations?

  7. Bosnia • Geographically it’s in the middle • Territory was desirable for its access to the Adriatic Sea and for strategic reasons • It was an example of a truly multi-ethnic society with no majority • Muslims (43.7%) • Croats (17.3%) • Serbs (31.4 %) • The population consisted of large ethnic groups • Linked to Serbia and Croatia • Serbia and Croatia wanted these people and their lands to join Serbia and Croatia respectively, rather than be in a multi-ethnic Bosnia

  8. According to Donnelly why was the genocide not stopped?

  9. IRONY OF ETHNIC CLEANSING • Ethnic cleansing and mass murder produced ethnically pure territorial units • ultimately produces NEATER maps on which peace settlement could be worked • allowing the safe areas to fall got rid of enclaves that cluttered the map • world leaders denounce ethnic cleansing BUT in the end BACK RESULTS which bring peace

  10. ETHNIC MIX • BEFORE THE • WAR

  11. Before the War After Dayton Accords

  12. BOSNIA • Declares independence, too • Bosnian Serbs • declare an independent Serb state and lay siege to Sarajevo, claiming the city as its capital • Yugoslav artillery shell Bosnia/Sarajevo—providing support to Serb irregulars who engage in ethnic cleansing of Bosnia • 1000 Serbs shells a day hitting Sarajveo • 3,777 hit in 16 hours on July 23, 1993

  13. VUKOVAR Multi-ethnic city bordering Croatia and Serbia: city reduced from 50,000 to 15,000

  14. Safe Areas: what were they supposed to be? Srebrenica, Tuzla, Zepa, Sarajevo, Gorazde

  15. SARAJEVO BEFORE THE WAR

  16. The Sarajevo Shuffle

  17. Market Bombings that Finally Touch the World

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